Dampak Surfaktan terhadap Performa Biologis, Fisiologis, dan Histologis pada Benih Ikan Dewa (Neolissochilus soro)

Abstract

Ikan dewa (Neolissochilus soro) tumbuh dan berkembang di habitat berupa danau maupun sungai. Namun sejalan dengan peningkatan populasi dan aktivitas antropogenik di sekitar perairan, terjadi peningkatan jumlah polusi yang masuk ke badan perairan. Salah satu bahan kimia yang berpotensi mencemari perairan adalah Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan toksisitas letal surfaktan LAS terhadap benih ikan dewa serta menganalisis efek sub-letal terhadap kondisi biologis, fisiologis, dan histologisnya. Parameter yang diamati meliputi toksisitas letal (LC50), toksisitas sub-letal, serta kondisi biologis, fisiologis, dan histologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan surfaktan LAS memiliki nilai LC50-96 jam sebesar 6,14 mg/L dan tergolong bertoksisitas tinggi (highly toxic). Ikan yang terpapar LAS selama 40 hari mengalami penurunan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR) dan efisiensi pakan (FE) seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi surfaktan. Paparan terhadap LAS juga menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah leukosit, serta penurunan jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan kadar glukosa darah. Terdapat juga kerusakan pada insang, hati, dan ginjal pada ikan yang terpapar LAS. Secara umum, konsentrasi sub-letal dari nilai LC50-96 jam LAS memberikan pengaruh buruk terhadap benih ikan dewa.

Mahseer (Neolissochilus soro) grows and develops in its habitat, such as lakes and rivers. However, in line with the increase in population, the pollution load that enters water bodies is increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities along the river. One of the chemicals that has the potential to be a source of pollution for waters is Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS). This study aims to determine the lethal toxicity of LAS surfactant to mahseer and to analyze the sub-lethal effect of this surfactant on the biological, physiological, and histological conditions of mahseer seeds. Parameters studied included lethal toxicity (LC50), sublethal toxicity, biological, histological, and hematological conditions. The results showed that the LAS surfactant had an LC50-96 hour value of 6,14 mg/L in mahseer and was classified as highly toxic. Fish exposed to LAS for 40 days experienced a decrease in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) as the surfactant concentration increased. Exposure to LAS also causes an increase in the number of leukocytes, as well as a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit percentage, and blood sugar levels. There was also damage to the gills, liver, and kidneys of fish exposed to LAS. In general, the sublethal concentration of the LC50-96 hour had a negative effect on mahseer seeds.