Pengaruh Kekuatan Media MS, Konsentrasi BAP dan Konsentrasi Ekstrak Tomat terhadap Pertumbuhan Mutan Putatif Nepenthes Ampullaria Jack secara In Vitro

Abstract

Nepenthes ampullaria mutan putatif merupakan tanaman hasil dari iradiasi sinar gamma yang memiliki gen termutasi. Namun, pertumbuhannya belum stabil sehingga diperlukan modifikasi beberapa faktor, seperti media tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh kekuatan media MS, konsentrasi BAP serta penambahan ekstrak tomat terhadap pertumbuhan mutan tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan 3 Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University pada rentang waktu November 2022 sampai Agustus 2023. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dua faktor, yaitu kekuatan media MS (1MS, 1/2MS dan 1/4MS) dan zat pengatur tumbuh BAP (0; 2,22; 4,44; 6,66 dan 8,88 μM). Terdapat 15 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan sehingga didapatkan 90 satuan percobaan. Percobaan kedua menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan faktor konsentrasi ekstrak tomat (0; 100; 200 dan 300 ml L-1). Terdapat 4 perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan sehingga didapatkan 24 satuan percobaan. Kombinasi media 1/4MS dan 2,22 μM BAP efektif menghasilkan pertumbuhan optimal pada peubah jumlah tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah kantong. Media 1/4MS menjadi media optimal dengan hasil terbaik yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan mutan putatif Nepenthes ampullaria. BAP secara tunggal tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas dan jumlah daun. Media dengan penambahan ekstrak tomat tidak dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan apapun pada eksplan.

Putative mutant of Nepenthes ampullaria is resulting from gamma ray irradiation that has mutated genes. However, the growth is not stable so it requires modification in several factors, such as the planting medium. This research aims to study the effect of MS media strength, BAP concentration, as well as tomato extract addition on growth of this mutant. The research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University from November 2022 to August 2023. This research consists of two experiments. The first experiment used a Completely Randomized Block Design with two factors, namely MS media strength (1MS, 1/2MS and 1/4MS) and plant growth regulator BAP (0; 2,22; 4,44; 6,66 and 8,88 μM). There were 15 combinations of treatments with 6 replications, resulting in 90 experimental units. The second experiment used Randomized Complete Group Design with tomato extract concentration (0; 100; 200 and 300 ml L-1) as factor. There were 4 treatments with 6 replications, resulting in 24 experimental units. The combination between 1/4MS medium and 2,22 μM BAP effective in producing optimal growth for the variables, namely number of shoots, number of leaves and number of pitcher. The 1/4MS medium has become the optimal media, providing the best results to support the growth of putative mutant of Nepenthes ampullaria. The single treatment of BAP did not have a significant effect on the number of shoots and the number of leaves. Media with tomato extract addition could not promote growth.