Optimasi Pemupukan Bayam Berdasarkan Analisis Tanah Menggunakan Fertigasi Melalui Sistem Irigasi Tetes

Abstract

Pemupukan melalui irigasi tetes berdasarkan analisis tanah diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas bayam varietas Maestro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cikarawang, Institut Pertanian Bogor dengan jenis tanah latosol, kandungan P-tersedia 3,9 ppm (sangat rendah), K-tersedia 40,2 ppm (sedang), C Organik 1,92%, dan pH 5,83. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan dosis rekomendasi pemupukan yang tepat untuk bayam berdasarkan hasil analisis tanah melalui sistem irigasi tetes dan menguji pengaruh potensi pupuk untuk dua kali tanam tanpa preplant dan fertigasi. Penelitian terdiri dari dua kali penanaman menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktor Tunggal dengan 5 ulangan dan 5 taraf pemupukan yaitu 0% X, 50% X, 100% X, 150% X, dan 200% X (X adalah rekomendasi berdasarkan program Ferads). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji-F dengan α 5% dan uji lanjut menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada penanaman pertama didapatkan dosis optimum untuk bobot per bedeng marketable, bobot per bedeng total, perkiraan bobot panen per hektar marketable, dan perkiraan bobot panen per hektar total berturut-turut yaitu sebesar 151%, 133%, 135%, dan 132% dari dosis rekomendasi Ferads (219 kg N ha-1 , 274 kg P2O5 ha-1 , dan 149 kg K2O ha-1 ). Dosis 100% rekomendasi Ferads digunakan karena kenaikan hasil tidak signifikan meskipun diberikan dosis pupuk yang lebih tinggi. Dosis optimum tidak diperoleh pada penanaman kedua karena hasil analisis regresi tidak menunjukkan respon kuadratik. Residu pemupukan tidak mempengaruhi produksi bayam varietas Maestro secara keseluruhan sehingga analisis tanah perlu dilakukan di setiap musim tanam bayam.

Fertilization through drip irrigation based on soil analysis is expected to increase the productivity of Maestro spinach varieties. The research was carried out at the Cikarawang Experimental Garden, Bogor Agricultural Institute with latosol soil type, P-available content of 3.9 ppm (very low), K-available 40.2 ppm (medium), C-Organic 1.92%, and pH 5 .83. This research aims to obtain the correct recommended dose of fertilizer for spinach based on the results of soil analysis using a drip irrigation system and testing the potential effect of fertilizer for two plantings without preplant and fertigation. The research consisted of two plantings using a single factor Randomized Complete Group Design (RKLT) with 5 replications and 5 levels of fertilization, namely 0% X, 50% X, 100% X, 150% X, and 200% X (X was a recommendation based on the Ferads program). Data were analyzed using F-test with α 5% and further testing using regression analysis. The results of the research showed that in the first planting, the optimum dose was obtained for weight per marketable bed, total weight per bed, estimated marketable harvest weight per hectare, and estimated total harvest weight per hectare respectively, namely 151%, 133%, 135%, and 132%. % of Ferads recommended dose (219 kg N ha-1 , 274 kg P2O5 ha-1 , and 149 kg K2O ha-1 ). The 100% dose recommended by Ferads was used because the increase in yield was not significant even though a higher fertilizer dose was given. The optimum dose was not obtained in the second planting because the results of the regression analysis did not show a quadratic response. Fertilizer residue does not affect the overall production of the Maestro spinach variety, so soil analysis needs to be carried out every spinach growing season.