Karakterisasi Morfologi Sel dan Penapisan Aktivitas Hidrolisis dari Isolat Bakteri Tanah Pulau Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara

Abstract

Bakteri penghasil enzim ekstraselular, khususnya enzim amilase, selulase, dan protease, dapat digunakan dalam berbagai industri. Lima belas isolat bakteri tanah yang diisolasi dari Pulau Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara, belum diketahui potensinya sebagai penghasil enzim-enzim tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi morfologi sel dan menapis aktivitas amilolitik, proteolitik dan selulolitik dari bakteri tanah yang diisolasi dari Pulau Muna. Karakterisasi morfologi dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Gram. Penapisan bakteri dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif pada medium padat. Berdasarkan pengecatan Gram, 5 Isolat tergolong ke dalam bakteri Gram negatif dan 10 Isolat tergolong bakteri Gram positif, dengan bentuk sel yang bervariasi yaitu batang panjang dan bulat. Empat dari 15 isolat memiliki karakter hemolisis negatif atau gamma hemolisis sehingga diduga tidak bersifat patogen. Empat isolat tersebut selanjutnya digunakan untuk penapisan aktivitas hidrolisis terhadap amilum, selulosa, dan protein. Isolat M7 dan P7 mampu menghasilkan protease, selulase, dan amilase, sedangkan 2 isolat lainnya yaitu M4 dan P5 hanya mampu menghasilkan protease. Keempat bakteri tersebut dapat diteliti dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai penghasil enzim amilase, protease dan selulase.

Bacteria producing extracellular enzymes, especially amylase, cellulase and protease enzymes, can be used in various industries. Fifteen isolates of soil bacteria isolated from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, have no known potential as producers of these enzymes. This research aims to characterize cell morphology and screen the amylolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic activities of soil bacteria isolated from Muna Island. Morphological characterization was carried out using Gram staining. Bacterial screening was carried out using qualitative methods on solid medium. Based on Gram staining, 5 isolates were classified as Gram negative bacteria and 10 isolates were classified as Gram positive bacteria, with varying cell shapes, namely long rods and round. Four of the 15 isolates had negative hemolysis or gamma hemolysis characteristics so they were suspected not to be pathogenic. The four isolates were then used to screen for hydrolysis activity on starch, cellulose and protein. Isolates M7 and P7 were able to produce protease, cellulase and amylase, while the other 2 isolates, namely M4 and P5, were only able to produce protease. These four bacteria can be researched and developed further as producers of amylase, protease and cellulase enzymes