Keragaan Karakter Agronomi dan Hasil Galur Sorgum Generasi F7 Hasil Seleksi Pedigree-Bulk

Abstract

Sorgum merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan untuk diversifikasi pangan yang memiliki banyak potensi untuk dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh galur-galur sorgum generasi F7 hasil seleksi pedigree dan bulk yang mempunyai keragaan karakter agronomi, komponen hasil yang unggul. Galur-galur F7 hasil seleksi tersebut diuji untuk mendukung pelepasan varietas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juli 2021 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB University. Materi genetik yang digunakan yaitu 17 galur F7 hasil persilangan PI 10-90-A x Numbu, PI 150-20-A x Numbu, dan PI 150-20-A x Kawali. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan satu perlakuan genotipe yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan genotipe berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, diameter batang, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang malai, biomas basah, biomas kering, potensi biomas basah per hektar, potensi biomas kering per hektar, bobot malai kering, bobot biji per malai, dan bobot 1000 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan genotipe A-1-23-1-1 berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol. Genotipe B-4-6-7 berpotensi dikembangkan untuk sorgum varietas genjah. Genotipe C-375-17-5-9 berpotensi untuk dijadikan galur harapan berdaya hasil unggul. Genotipe dari galur hasil pemuliaan menunjukkan respon sangat tahan terhadap penyakit antraknosa dan karat daun, kecuali B-14-25-5-6 dan B-182-5-12-7.

Sorghum is one of the food commodities for food diversification that has a lot of potential to be developed. The research aimed to obtain F7 generation sorghum lines from pedigree and bulk selection was had superior agronomic characters and yield components. The selected F7 lines were tested to support the release of varieties. The research was conducted from February to July 2021 at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm and Plant Breeding Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University. The genetic materials used were 17 F7 lines from the cross of PI 10-90-A x Numbu, PI 150-20-A x Numbu, and PI 150-20-A x Kawali. The experiment was arranged using a randomized complete block design with one genotype treatment factor which were replicated three times. Analysis of variance showed that genotypes had a very significant effect on the characters of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, stem diameter, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, fresh biomass, dry biomass, potential fresh biomass per hectare, potential dry biomass per hectare, dry panicle weight, seed weight per panicle, and weight of 1000 seeds. The results showed that genotype A-1-23-1-1 has the potential for bioethanol production. Genotype B-4-6-7 has the potential to be developed for early-maturity sorghum varieties. Genotype C-375-17-5-9 has the potential to be used as a high-yielding hope lines. The breeding lines showed a very resistant response to anthacnose and leaf rust, except for the B-14-25-5-6 and B-182-5-12-7.