Analisis pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap stabilitas sistem keuangan di Asia Tenggara periode 2007-2020

Abstract

Kawasan Asia didominasi oleh negara-negara berkembang. Sejak krisis keuangan global pada tahun 2008 inklusi keuangan telah menjadi perhatian utama. Tingkat inklusi keuangan dapat diukur melalui indeks inklusi keuangan. Diwujudkannya inklusi keuangan yang optimal diharapkan dapat memberikan dukungan bagi stabilitas sistem keuangan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada negara berkembang di Asia Tenggara seperti Kamboja, Filipina, Indonesia, Malaysia dan Thailand dengan rentang waktu 2007 hingga 2020. Melihat pengaruh inklusi keuangan (dimensi penetrasi, ketersediaan, dan kegunaan) dan variabel lain terhadap stabilitas sistem keuangan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah indeks inklusi keuangan dan analisis data panel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan inklusi keuangan memiliki dampak negatif signifikan terhadap kestabilan sistem keuangan di lima negara berkembang tersebut. Peran tenaga kerja memiliki nilai positif signifikan terhadap kestabilan sistem keuangan. Pemerintah perlu memberikan edukasi dan inovasi teknologi guna mempertahankan stabilitas sistem keuangan dalam menghadapi tantangan modern. Perbankan perlu mengkelompokkan individu untuk menghindari adverse selection.

The Asian region is predominantly characterized by developing countries. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, financial inclusion has become a primary concern. The level of financial inclusion can be measured through the financial inclusion index. Achieving optimal financial inclusion is expected to provide support for financial system stability. This research focuses on developing countries in Southeast Asia, such as Cambodia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, within the time frame of 2007 to 2020. It examines the influence of financial inclusion (in terms of penetration, availability, and utility) and other variables on financial system stability. The analysis method employed includes the financial inclusion index and panel data analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that financial inclusion has a significant negative impact on the stability of the financial systems in these five developing countries. Labor force plays a significant positive role in financial system stability. Therefore, the government should provide education and technological innovation to maintain financial system stability in the face of modern challenges. The banking sector should group individuals to mitigate adverse selection.