| dc.description.abstract | Indonesia is the country which has a large of ocean territorial in 5,8 million km2 and has a wealthy sea resources which full of nutrients and minerals to supply all the foods of its citizen and also as the national economic power in the future. Shrimp is one of sea resources which not only has a big nutrients for body but also has a high value even in domestic or international market. Based on Depdag (2009) that export value of Indonesia shrimp in 2006 was US$ 943.998.000, US$ 791.854.000 in 2007 and raised to 1.055.805.000 until August, 2008. Although Indonesia shrimp potency was so big, but it has so many export problems until now such as the conquered of Indonesia shrimp market share in USA by Thailand and China, fall out of Indonesia shrimp export price in Japan because of high competition, transhipment accused for Indonesia shrimp export, Europe standardization which aggravated Indonesia shrimp export, and also the quality declining of Indonesia shrimp export in USA because of global crisis. Actually Indonesia shrimp export had filled demand of world market such as USA, Europe and Japan, but for the competitiveness still questioned because so many problems from them. So this research was purposed to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesia shrimp commodity. The research had used quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis used to explain the grade of Indonesia shrimp commodity competitiveness by RCA (Revealed Comparative Analysis). Analysis for the influences factors of the competitiveness Indonesia shrimp export (for giant tiger and vanname shrimp) used OLS (Ordinary Least Square). Qualitative analysis used Porter’s Diamond Theory to analyze potency, problems, and chance which analyzed influence factors of competitiveness Indonesia shrimp commodity (the research objection was giant tiger and vanname shrimp). Indonesia shrimp commodity was produced from dyke (70%) and water sea haul (30%). In its production, for 95% to export and 5% was traded domestically especially in supermarket. At this time Indonesia shrimp which produced from dyke is doing by small trader (the masses) or industry, and less from sea water haul. The region of shrimp production in Indonesia are Java and Sumatra, Papua, a half Maluku, Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi waterseas. From them, Lampung was the major area of Indonesia shrimp production which had produced 40% from the total of national shrimp production. It also became the first area of shrimp production in world scale such as PT Dipasena and PT Centralproteinaprima activity. The market of Indonesia shrimp export was Japan (about 60%), USA (16.5%) and Europe (12.5%). The result of the research showed that Indonesia shrimp commodity has a high grade competitiveness or Indonesia had competitive advantage for its shrimp because the RCA mark was so high in tens. Including the analyzed of Porter’s Diamond Theory showed that Indonesia shrimp commodity had potency in factor condition such as the wealthy of shrimp resources, human resources, capital and superior infrastructure. But in knowledge and technology of Indonesia shrimp commodity still weak because of the less intensive technology system in shrimp production and export technology which not superior if compared with the competitor country such as Thailand. Indonesia shrimp commodity also had potency domestic demand and high export, tighten competition for shrimp exporting countries, good regulation government to increase the competitiveness of Indonesia shrimp commodity and also good chance in international market. For related and supporting industry, structure and strategy in competitiveness shrimp commodity still descent because there weren’t many superior shrimp hatchery, less the role of weft industry and shrimp fickle export products industry. Beside there was dominated Chakroen Phokphand Group which had monopoly structure industry and there hadn’t specific strategy to increased the competitiveness Indonesia shrimp commodity. Including RCA, OLS and Porter’s Diamond Theory analysis, were result some strategy to increase the competitiveness of Indonesia shrimp commodity such as (1) Increasing export quality of Indonesia shrimp commodity by increasing the export volume of shrimp fickle products which gives value added to increase the competitiveness of Indonesia shrimp commodity. (2) Increasing intensive technology for all the shrimp production and also create a superior technology of shrimp export. (3) Building superior hatcheries to get a good quality shrimp seed. (4) Increasing the production of vanname shrimp as the superior seed which invulnerable against the disease. (5) Increasing the standardized of Indonesia shrimp export. (6) Do the diversification of Indonesia shrimp export market to prospective area such as Japan market. In this research is also suggest to increasing in production system technology and also shrimp fickle export product technology, building a cluster industry to get a good access of superior seeds, good quality weft, developing shrimp production sector and shrimp fickle in good quality to get a value added and increase the competitiveness of Indonesia shrimp commodity in global market, the last suggest is to keep the increasing of shrimp export volume to make an increasing of shrimp export value and its competitiveness in international market. | id |
