Keragaman Anatomi Daun Beberapa Spesies Cabai (Capsicum spp.)

Abstract

Cabai (Capsicum spp.) merupakan tanaman herba famili Solanaceae dari benua Amerika yang tumbuh di dataran rendah sampai tinggi. Struktur anatomi daun memiliki keanekaragaman yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur anatomi daun dari empat spesies cabai. Sampel daun yang digunakan yaitu Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, dan Capsicum frutescens. Daun disayat paradermal dengan metode whole mount dan transversal dengan metode parafin. Karakter yang diamati berupa bentuk sel epidermis, tipe, ukuran, kerapatan, dan indeks stomata, tipe trikoma, tebal kutikula, tebal epidermis, tebal mesofil, tebal daun, serta susunan pembuluh. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa sel epidermis berbentuk poligonal tidak beraturan serta terdapat stomata dan trikoma. Tipe stomata anisositik dan anomotetrasitik dapat dijumpai pada empat spesies. Tipe stomata anomositik hanya terdapat pada C. frutescens, sedangkan parasitik hanya pada C. annuum. Stomata terpanjang ditemukan pada C. annuum, sedangkan stomata terlebar ditemukan pada C. baccatum. Nilai kerapatan dan indeks stomata tertinggi sisi adaksial ditemukan pada C. annuum, sedangkan sisi abaksial dijumpai pada C. chinense. Trikoma kelenjar dan non-kelenjar dijumpai pada empat spesies. C. annuum memiliki tebal kutikula, tebal epidermis, tebal mesofil, dan tebal daun tertinggi. Pembuluh daun tersusun secara bikolateral.

Chili (Capsicum spp.) is a herbaceous plant of the family Solanaceae from America that grows from low to high altitudes. The anatomical structure of leaves has a high diversity. This research aims to analyze anatomical structure of leaves from four chili species. Leaf samples used were Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, and Capsicum frutescens. Leaves were sectioned paradermally using whole mount method and transversally with paraffin method. The observed characters were epidermal cell shape, type, size, density, and stomatal index, trichome type, cuticle thickness, epidermis thickness, mesophyll thickness, leaf thickness, and vessel arrangement. The results showed that the epidermal cells were irregularly polygonal and contained stomata and trichomes. Anisocytic and anomotetracytic stomatal types were found in four species. Anomocytic stomatal type was only found in C. frutescens, while paracytic was only found in C. annuum. The longest stomata was in C. annuum, while the widest stomata was in C. baccatum. The highest stomatal density and index value on the adaxial side was found in C. annuum, while the abaxial side was found in C. chinense. Glandular and non-glandular trichomes were found in four species. C. annuum had the highest cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll and leaf thickness. Leaf vessels arranged bicolaterally.