Pengujian Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Petelur dan Pupuk Hayati untuk Pertumbuhan, Produksi, dan Kualitas Kedelai Edamame (Glycine max (L). Merril)

Abstract

Edamame merupakan kedelai polong muda yang dikonsumsi sebagai sayuran (vegetable soybean). Polong dipanen saat kulit polong masih berwarna hijau sebelum menguning, biji berisi penuh, dan memiliki ukuran yang lebih besar serta rasa yang lebih manis dari kedelai biasa. Pupuk hayati dapat ditambah untuk mengurangi kebutuhan pupuk kandang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang ayam petelur ditambah pupuk hayati untuk pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kualitas kedelai edamame (Glycine max (L). Merril). Percobaan di lapangan dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai April 2023 di Lahan Organik Kebun Percobaan IPB Cikarawang, Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split-plot) dengan petak utama yaitu pupuk hayati dan anak petak berbagai dosis pupuk kandang ayam petelur, dengan 3 ulangan. Dosis pupuk kandang yang digunakan yaitu 0, 8, 16, dan 24 ton ha-1. Perlakuan pupuk hayati yaitu pemberian pupuk hayati konsentrasi 10 ml L-1 dan tanpa pemberian pupuk hayati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis pupuk kandang ayam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks luas daun, bobot basah dan bobot kering tanaman, jumlah bunga, dan jumlah buku. Komponen produksi yang dipengaruhi dosis pupuk kandang adalah jumlah polong isi, bobot polong isi per tanaman, bobot polong per petak, bobot basah tanaman saat panen, bobot basah 100 biji, dan produktivitas per petak. Pupuk hayati nyata meningkatkan jumlah daun pada 6 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dan kadar hara N-total daun edamame. Interaksi pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah polong isi, jumlah polong isi 2 biji, dan bobot polong isi per tanaman. Jumlah polong isi dan bobot polong isi per tanaman tertinggi pada dosis 24 ton ha-1 pupuk kandang ayam ditambah pupuk hayati. Produktivitas polong edamame tertinggi adalah 11,4 ton ha-1 dengan dosis pupuk kandang ayam 24 ton ha-1. Dosis pupuk kandang yang optimum untuk produktivitas edamame belum diperoleh.

Edamame is a young soybean pod that is consumed as a vegetable (vegetable soybean). The pods are harvested when the pods are still green before they turn yellow, the seeds are full, and have a larger size and sweeter flavor than regular soybeans. Edamame soybean can be cultivated organically with high amount of animal manure as nutrient sources. Biofertilizer can be added to reduce the demand of manure. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of laying hen manure added with biological fertilizer for the growth, production, and quality of edamame soybean. Field experiment was conducted from January to April 2023 at the Organic Field of IPB Experimental Farm, Cikarawang, Bogor. This study used a split-plot design with biofertilizer as the main plot and various doses of laying hen manure as subplots of with 3 replications. The doses of manure were 0, 8, 16, and 24 tons ha-1. The biofertilizer treatment consisted of 10 ml L-1 and without aplication of biofertilizer. The results showed that increasing the dosage of hen manure increased plant height, leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index, fresh weight, dry weight of plants, flower number and node numbers. Yield components were also affected namely numbers of filled pods, weight of filled pods per plant, pod weight per plot, fresh weight of plants at harvest, wet weight of 100 seeds, and productivity per plot. The biofertilizer significantly increased the leaf number at 6 weeks after planting and nitrogen content of soybean leaves. The interaction of manure doses and biofertilizer had a significant effect on the total number of filled pods, the number of 2-seed filled pods, and the weight of filled pods per plant. The highest total number of filled pods and weight of filled pods per plant were obtained from the application of 24 ton ha-1 manure combined with the biofertilizer. The highest yield of edamame pod was 11,4 ton ha-1 with the dose of 24 ton ha-1 hen manure. The optimum dose of manure for edamame yield was not obtained yet.