Karakterisasi Genotipe Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) di Dataran Rendah Bogor

Abstract

Kacang merah dibudidayakan di Indonesia terutama di dataran tinggi dan secara terbatas di dataran rendah. Budidaya kacang merah di dataran rendah memiliki peluang lebih besar dibandingkan dataran tinggi. Budidaya kacang merah belum didukung dengan ketersediaan varietas unggul. Perakitan varietas unggul memerlukan informasi keragaman genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keragaman morfologi dan agronomi 13 genotipe kacang merah. Penelitian dilakukan pada Desember 2022-Februari 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, Dramaga, Bogor pada ketinggian 183 mdpl. Sebanyak 13 genotipe kacang merah ditanam dalam rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter morfologi dan agronomi baik kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakter tinggi tanaman vegetatif, tinggi tanaman generatif, jumlah buku, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah tandan produktif, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong, bobot polong, dan bobot polong per tanaman. Faktor genetik berperan besar mengendalikan karakter tinggi tanaman vegetatif, tinggi tanaman generatif, jumlah buku, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah tandan produktif, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong, bobot polong, dan bobot polong per tanaman dengan h2bs 0,57-0,98. Dendrogram karakter morfologi dan agronomi diukur dengan jarak 3,00 mengelompokkan 13 genotipe kacang merah menjadi empat cluster. Cluster I terdiri dari genotipe KM49, KM49, KM47, KM56, KM54, KM52, dan KM57. Cluster II terdiri dari genotipe B165-5, B165-3, B165-2, dan KM8. Cluster III genotipe KM24 dan cluster IV genotipe KM58.

Kidney beans are cultivated in Indonesia, especially in the highlands, and to a limited extent in the lowlands. The cultivation of kidney beans in lowland areas ha a greater opportunity compared to highland areas. The cultivation of kidney beans is not yet supported by the availability of superior varieties. Assembling superior varieties requires information on genetic diversity. This research aims to obtain information on the morphological and agronomic diversity of 13 genotypes of kidney beans. The research was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Garden, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor at an altitude of 183 meters above sea level. A total of 13 genotypes of kidney beans were planted in a randomized complete block design three replications. Observations were made on morphological and agronomic characters, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that genotype significantly affected the characters of vegetative plant height, generative plant height, number of nodes, flowering age, harvesting age, number of productive bunches, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight and pod per plant weight. The characteristics of vegetative plant height, generative plant height, number of nodes, flowering age, harvesting age, number of productive bunches, number of pods per plants, pod length, pod weight, and pod per plant weight are largely influenced by genetic factors, with h2 bs ranging from 0.57 to 0.98. The dendrogram of morphological and agronomic characteristics, measured at a distance of 3.00 classified 13 kidney beans genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I consisted of the genotypes KM49, KM49, KM47, KM56, KM54, KM52, and KM57. Cluster II consisted of genotypes B165-5, B165-3, B165-2, and KM8. Cluster III of the KM24 genotype, and cluster IV of the KM58 genotype.