Pengoptimuman Ekstraksi untuk Fenolik Total dan Kapasitas Antioksidan Tertinggi pada Gandarusa Menggunakan Two Level Half Factorial Design

Abstract

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dan dilaporkan memiliki senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh perbedaan kondisi ekstraksi berdasarkan rasio cairan terhadap padatan, suhu, konsentrasi pelarut, waktu, dan pH tanaman gandarusa dengan two level half factorial design terhadap produksi metabolit sekunder dan kapasitas antioksidannya. Sampel diekstraksi sesuai dengan desain two level half factorial. Kandungan fenolik, kapasitas antioksidan DPPH dan FRAP tertinggi didapat oleh run-13 berturut-turut sebesar 28,15 mg GAE/g, 54,19 μmol TE/g, dan 218,73 μmol TE/g. Desain two level factorial digunakan untuk menentukan faktor yang signifikan terhadap ekstraksi kadar fenolik total, serta kapasitas antioksidan DPPH dan FRAP. Faktor suhu berperan signifikan (< 0,05) terhadap kadar fenolik total. Sedangkan pada kapasitas antioksidan DPPH didapatkan bahwa faktor cairan terhadap padatan dan pH berperan signifikan (< 0,05). Pada FRAP didapatkan bahwa faktor cairan terhadap padatan menjadi faktor yang berperan signifikan (< 0,05). Kata kunci: antioksidan, factorial, gandarusa, cairan terhadap padatan, suhu

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) is often used as a traditional medicine and is reported to contain high levels of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to measure the influence of different extraction conditions based on liquid to solid ratio, temperature, solvent concentration, time, and pH of gandarusa plant on the production of secondary metabolites and antioxidant capacity using a two-level half factorial design. Samples were extracted according to the two-level half factorial design. The highest phenolic content, DPPH and FRAP antioxidant capacity were obtained from run 13, with values of 22.75 mg GAE/g, 43.36 μmol TE/g, and 166.72 μmol TE/g, respectively. A two-level factorial design was used to determine the significant factors affecting the extraction of total phenolic content, DPPH antioxidant capacity, and FRAP antioxidant capacity. Temperature was found to have a significant effect (<0.05) on the total phenolic content. Meanwhile, for DPPH antioxidant capacity, the liquid to solid ratio and pH was found to be the significant factor (<0.05). In FRAP, it was found that the liquid to solid factor was a significant factor (<0.05). Keyword: antioxidant, factorial, gandarusa, liquid to solid, temperature