Pengaruh Perkembangan Layanan Digital Channel terhadap Stabilitas Bank di Indonesia

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi serta perubahan gaya hidup masyarakat telah mendorong transformasi layanan keuangan digital, yang salah satunya adalah digital channel bank. Transaksi melalui layanan digital channel bank telah berkembang pesat, terutama setelah terjadinya pandemi Covid-19. Perkembangan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas bank melalui manajemen risiko, efisiensi, maupun profitabilitas bank. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan layanan digital channel serta menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap stabilitas bank di Indonesia pada periode 2016-2022. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan random effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan transaksi digital channel bank yang meliputi mobile banking dan internet banking serta ATM, kecukupan modal, dapat meningkatkan stabilitas bank. Peningkatan kondisi makroekonomi yang diukur dengan PDB riil dan inflasi juga dapat meningkatkan stabilitas bank. Sementara itu, semakin besar ukuran bank dan semakin tinggi risiko inefisiensi, maka semakin tinggi kerentanan bank terhadap ketidakstabilan. Begitu juga dengan pandemi Covid-19 yang dapat menurunkan stabilitas bank.

Technological developments and changes in people's lifestyles have driven the transformation of digital financial services, one of which is digital channel banks. Transactions through digital channel bank services have grown rapidly, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. These developments can affect bank stability through risk management, efficiency, and bank profitability. This study aims to describe the development of digital channel services and analyze its effect on bank stability in Indonesia in the period 2016-2022. The analysis was conducted using panel data regression with random effect model approach. The results show that an increase in bank digital channel transactions which include mobile and internet banking and ATMs, capital adequacy, can strengthen bank stability. An increase in macroeconomic conditions as measured by real GDP and inflation can also strengthen bank stability. Meanwhile, the larger the bank size and the higher the risk of inefficiency, the higher the bank's exposure to instability. Likewise, the Covid-19 pandemic can decrease bank stability.