Karakteristik Ekologi Makrozoobentos sebagai Indikator Kualitas Perairan Pantai MargagiriGrenyang, Teluk Banten

Abstract

Makrozoobentos hidup menetap di dasar perairan dengan pergerakan lambat dan daur hidup relatif lama, sehingga mampu merespon perubahan kondisi perairan secara kontinyu. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik ekologi makrozoobentos sebagai indikator kualitas perairan Pantai Margagiri-Grenyang, Teluk Banten. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli hingga November 2022 dengan enam titik stasiun pengamatan. Sampel bentos diambil menggunakan Petersen Grab serta dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air secara insitu dan eksitu. Data dianalisis menggunakan PCA, indeks similaritas, serta AMBI dan M-AMBI. Makrozoobentos di lokasi penelitian tersusun atas enam filum (Moluska, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Hoplonemertea, dan Nemertea). Kepadatan marozoobentos tertinggi terdapat pada bulan Juli (3178 ind/m2 ) dengan keanekaragaman (H’) sedang (2,535-2,758), keseragaman (E) sedang-tinggi (0,742-0,833), serta dominansi (C) rendah (0,157-0,241). Berdasarkan PCA, persebaran makrozoobentos dipengaruhi oleh parameter kekeruhan dan TSS. Analisis AMBI dan M-AMBI menunjukkan 72% makrozoobentos termasuk kelompok yang bersifat sensitif dengan nilai M-AMBI berkisar 0,65-0,98. Hal ini artinya makrozobentos tidak mengalami gangguan ekologi dan status kualitas perairan diindikasikan baik-sangat baik.

Macrozoobenthos live sedentary at the bottom of the waters with slow movements and a relatively long life cycle, so they are able to respond continuously to changes in water conditions. The aim of this research is to analyze the ecological characteristics of macrozoobenthos as an indicator of water quality at MargagiriGrenyang Beach, Banten Bay. The research was carried out in July to November 2022 with six observations station points. Benthic samples were taken using Petersen Grab and water quality was measured in situ and ex situ. Datas were analyzed using PCA, similarity index, and AMBI and M-AMBI. The macrozoobenthos at the study site are composed of six phyla (Moluscs, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Hoplonemertea, and Nemertea). The highest density of marozoobenthos was found in July (3178 ind/m2) with moderate (2.535-2.758) diversity (H'), medium-high (0.742-0.833) evenness (E), and low (0.157-0.241) dominance (C). Based on PCA, the distribution of macrozoobenthos is influenced by turbidity and TSS parameters. AMBI and M-AMBI analysis showed that 72% of macrozoobenthos belonged to a sensitive group with M-AMBI values from 0.65- 0.98. This means that macrozobenthos does not experience ecological disturbances and the water quality status is indicated to be good-high (very good).