Pengembangan Uji Cepat Viabilitas Benih Menggunakan Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP) pada Benih Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

Benih bermutu sangat penting untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu kacang tanah. Pengujian mutu benih dapat dilakukan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode pengujian viabilitas secara tidak langsung pada benih kacang tanah menggunakan Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP). Percobaan diawali dengan pembuatan lot benih menggunakan perlakuan penyimpanan selama dua bulan dengan perlakuan beberapa kemasan. Percobaan disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor jenis kemasan yaitu aluminium foil, plastik polypropylene, plastik polyethylene, kertas, dan tanpa kemasan. Lot dengan viabilitas tertinggi dan terendah digunakan untuk percobaan USAP tahap 1. Percobaan USAP tahap 1 dilakukan untuk menentukan metode terbaik dari kombinasi perlakuan ukuran pemotongan benih dan lama perendaman yang disusun menggunakan RAL. Perlakuan ukuran pemotongan benih yaitu benih utuh, dibelah dua, dan dipotong enam. Perlakuan lama perendaman yaitu 0, 3, 6, dan 9 jam. Parameter yang diamati pada USAP yaitu glukosa, protein, dan massa jenis. Metode terbaik digunakan untuk menguji menggunakan USAP pada seluruh lot benih hasil penyimpanan pada tahap 2 USAP. Hasil pengujian didapatkan metode terbaik yaitu ukuran pemotongan benih potong enam pada lama perendaman 6 jam. Parameter protein dan massa jenis dapat membedakan lot benih viabilitas tinggi dan rendah serta berkorelasi positif terhadap uji daya hantar listrik. Kebocoran glukosa tidak terdeteksi sehingga tidak dapat digunakan untuk uji viabilitas dan vigor benih.

Quality seeds are very important to increase the production and quality of peanuts. Seed quality testing can be done directly or indirectly. The purpose of this research is to develop an indirect viability testing method for peanut seeds using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP). The experiment was started by making seed lots using storage treatment. Seeds are stored for two months with the treatment of several packages. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with packaging type factors including aluminum foil, polypropylene plastic, polyethylene plastic, paper, and without packaging. The lots with the highest and lowest viability were used for the USAP stage 1 experiment. The USAP stage 1 experiment was carried out to determine the best method from a combination of treatments of seed cutting size and soaking time prepared using CRD. The treatment of seed cutting size was whole seed, halved, and cut into six. The long immersion treatments were 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours. The parameters observed in the USAP were glucose, protein, and density. The best method was used to test all seed lots at stage 2 of the USAP. The test results showed that the best method was the size of cutting the seeds into six pieces at 6 hours of soaking time. Protein and density parameters can distinguish high and low viability seed lots and have a positive correlation with the electrical conductivity test. Glucose leaks were not detected so they could not be used for seed viability and vigor tests.