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      Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Bakteri Tanah Asal Pulau Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara terhadap Bakteri Resistan Antibiotik

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      Date
      2023
      Author
      Hening, Egiyanti Nur Widhia
      Priyanto, Jepri Agung
      Astuti, Rika Indri
      Prastya, M. Eka
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      Abstract
      Eksplorasi bakteri tanah penghasil senyawa antibakteri perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan resistansi bakteri patogen terhadap berbagai antibiotik. Tanah di Pulau Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara dianggap sebagai lingkungan yang menjanjikan untuk mengisolasi bakteri yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri. Selain itu, riset terkait keragaman dan bioprospeksi bakteri asal pulau ini belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri bakteri tanah yang diisolasi dari Pulau Muna terhadap bakteri multidrug-resistant (MDR) dan mendeteksi potensi produksi senyawa bioaktifnya melalui deteksi gen. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, 15 isolat bakteri tanah telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanah Pulau Muna. Uji antagonis menunjukkan sebanyak 5 dari 15 isolat bakteri tanah memiliki spektrum aktivitas antibakteri yang berbeda terhadap lima strain bakteri target MDR. Berdasarkan uji cakram, ekstrak kasar dari dua isolat paling potensial, yaitu kode M7 dan P1, dapat menghambat pertumbuhan kelima bakteri target pada konsentrasi 80 mg/mL. Nilai minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) dan minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) kedua ekstrak berkisar antara 312,5–>10.000 μg/mL. Identifikasi berdasarkan sekuens gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan kekerabatan tertinggi (kemiripan >97%) isolat M7 dan P1 dengan Priestia (Bacillus) aryabhattai strain B8W22 dan Bacillus aerius strain 24K. Kedua isolat tersebut terdeteksi memiliki gen MlnA yang terlibat dalam biosintesis macrolactin. Bakteri tanah ini dapat diteliti lebih lanjut untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber antibiotik baru.
       
      Exploration of soil bacteria producing antibacterial compounds is required to overcome the problem of pathogenic bacteria’s resistance to various antibiotics. The soil of Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, is considered a promising environment to isolate bacteria capable of producing antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of soil bacteria isolated from Muna Island against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and to detect the potential production of bioactive compounds through gene detection. Antagonism assay showed that 5 out of 15 soil bacterial isolates exhibited various spectra of antibacterial activity against five MDR strains. According to the disc diffusion assay, the crude extracts derived from two most potential isolates, namely M7 and P1, inhibit the growth of the five MDR strains at a concentration of 80 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of both extracts ranged from 312,5 to >10.000 μg/mL. Based on the 16S rRNA sequences, M7 and P1 isolates were closely similar (similarity >97%) to Priestia (Bacillus) aryabhattai strain B8W22 and Bacillus aerius strain 24K, respectively. Both isolates were detected to have the MlnA gene which involved in the biosynthesis of macrolactin. These soil bacteria could be further studied and developed as a new source of antibiotics.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/121967
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