Sifat Antagonistik Dark Septate Endophyte terhadap Fusarium sp. Hasil Isolasi dari Tanaman Cabai Layu

Abstract

Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang bernilai tinggi, namun produktivitasnya seringkali terkendala oleh serangan layu fusarium. Beberapa kultur cendawan dark septate endophyte (DSE) dilaporkan dapat menekan pertumbuhan Fusarium spp., namun potensi DSE sebagai agen biokontrol layu fusarium pada cabai belum banyak diteliti. Dalam penelitian ini, dua isolat DSE (S51 dan Cladosporium sp. KSP1) dievaluasi potensi antagonisnya terhadap Fusarium penyebab layu bibit cabai. DSE diuji patogenisitasnya untuk mengonfirmasi bahwa DSE tersebut bukan patogen pada cabai. Sebanyak dua strain Fusarium sp. asal tanaman cabai dengan gejala layu fusarium diseleksi patogenisitasnya pada tanaman cabai berusia 2 minggu. Fusarium sp. yang menunjukkan sifat patogenisitas tinggi dipilih untuk uji antagonis dengan DSE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Fusarium sp. strain F1 memiliki patogenisitas yang paling tinggi pada bibit cabai. Inokulasi DSE pada benih cabai membuktikan DSE tidak memengaruhi daya kecambah cabai. Panjang tajuk serta panjang akar bibit cabai ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol, sehingga kedua strain DSE dinyatakan bersifat non-patogenik. Kedua strain DSE dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. strain F1 secara in vitro dengan persentase penghambatan antara 18 – 23%. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang efektifitas DSE dalam menghambat perkembangan gejala layu diperlukan sebelum DSE dinyatakan sebagai agen potensial pengendali layu fusarium pada cabai.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a high-value commodity, but its productivity is often constrained by fusarium wilt attacks. The dark septate endophyte (DSE) have been reported to inhibit the growth of Fusarium spp., however the potential of DSE as a biocontrol agent for fusarium wilt in chili has not been investigated. In this study, two DSE strains (S51 and Cladosporium sp. KSP1) were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against Fusarium isolated from chili with wilt symptom. DSE was tested for pathogenicity to determine its virulence on chili plants. Two strains of Fusarium sp. that were obtained from wilted chili plants were examined for its pathogenicity on 2-weeks-old chili seedling. Fusarium which showed high pathogenicity was evaluated through antagonist test against DSE. The results showed that Fusarium sp. strain F1 has the highest pathogenicity. Both DSE strains had no effect on chili germination and were found to be non-pathogenic as shoot and root length of chili seedlings did not differ significantly from those of control. Both DSE were able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp. F1 in vitro about 18 to 23%. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of DSE in suppressing the development of wilt symptoms in chili plants.