Analisis Pendapatan dan Livelihood Assets Nelayan Pari Air Tawar di Sungai Musi, Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan

Abstract

Pari air tawar berperan terhadap fungsi ekologis maupun ekonomi di Sungai Musi, namun keberadaan pari air tawar di Sungai Musi terancam akibat faktor alam dan manusia. Pari air tawar telah masuk dalam daftar spesies terancam punah yang dikeluarkan oleh IUCN dan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Pari air tawar menjadi salah satu livelihood masyarakat di Sungai Musi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat trofik pari air tawar, karakteristik, pendapatan, dan livelihood assets nelayan pari air tawar. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode systematic literature review, statistik deskriptif, analisis pendapatan, dan analisis livelihood assets. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pari air tawar merupakan predator menengah. Nelayan pari air tawar memiliki karakteristik armada berukuran 1,2 – 3 GT dan menggunakan berbagai jenis alat tangkap. Nelayan memiliki karakteristik sosial ekonomi berupa nelayan skala kecil dan sebagian besar pengeluaran untuk konsumsi dan modal melaut. Rata-rata pendapatan responden nelayan sekitar Rp419.648,56 – Rp671.375,00 per trip per hari dengan R/C ratio > 1. Share penerimaan per trip per hari dari hasil tangkapan pari air tawar pada keempat kecamatan bernilai rendah hingga sangat rendah yaitu sekitar 0,09 – 25,72 pada musim paceklik dan 0,09 – 39,73 pada musim normal. Livelihood assets nelayan di Kota Palembang memiliki nilai indeks keberlanjutan sedang yaitu bernilai 0,48 – 0,50.

Freshwater stingrays play a crucial role in the Musi River's ecological and economic functions. However, their existence in this river is currently threatened by a combination of natural and human factors. Recognizing their vulnerable status, freshwater stingrays have been listed as endangered species by the IUCN and are subject to regulations in Indonesia. The livelihoods of many individuals along the Musi River depend on freshwater stingrays. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the trophic level of freshwater stingrays, as well as the characteristics, income, and livelihood assets of fishermen engaged in catching them. The research methodology employed a systematic literature review, descriptive statistics, income analysis, and livelihood assets analysis. The findings indicate that freshwater stingrays occupy an intermediate position within the predator hierarchy. The fishing boats used by freshwater stingray fishermen typically range from 1,2 to 3 GT, and they employ various types of fishing gear. Socioeconomic characteristics of the fishermen reveal predominantly small-scale fisheries, with a major portion of their expenses allocated towards consumption and fishing capital. The average daily income of the surveyed fishermen ranges from IDR 419.648,56 to IDR 671.375,00, with an R/C ratio > 1. The share of daily revenue derived from the catch of freshwater stingrays in the four sub-districts is relatively low, ranging from 0,09 to 25,72 during the lean season and 0,09 to 39,73 during the normal season. Assessing the sustainability of fishermen's livelihood assets in Palembang City, it is found that the value exhibits a moderate sustainability index, ranging from 0,48 to 0,50.