Daya Hasil 18 Galur Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Rakitan IPB di Bandung

Abstract

Uji daya hasil galur-galur hasil seleksi termasuk salah satu tahapan dalam perakitan varietas unggul, sebagai upaya meningkatkan produksi nasional kacang tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji daya hasil 18 galur kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) rakitan IPB untuk mendapatkan galur berpotensi daya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2021 di Kecamatan Kutawaringin Kabupaten Bandung dengan ketinggian 760 m dpl. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak faktor tunggal dengan 18 galur uji dan 3 varietas pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, daya hasil galur G33, G133, dan G205 nyata lebih tinggi dari varietas pembanding kecuali pada karakter tinggi tanaman, bobot tajuk basah, indeks masak biji kulit, dan bobot polong per m². Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa karakter jumlah polong total, jumlah polong isi, bobot polong total, bobot polong isi, dan bobot polong per m² mempunyai koefisien korelasi kuat dan sangat nyata dengan bobot biji per tanaman. Karakter tersebut dapat dipertimbangkan untuk dijadikan kriteria seleksi dalam perakitan varietas unggul. Berdasarkan karakter bobot polong total didapatkan galur-galur terpilih yang memiliki daya hasil tertinggi yaitu G21, G33, G41, G76, G99, G133, G199, G205, G209, dan G237.

The yield test of selected lines is one of the stages in assembling superior varieties, as an effort to increase peanut production. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of 18 genotypes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) IPB breeding lines to obtain high yielding potential lines. The research was carried out from January to June 2021 in Kutawaringin District, Bandung Regency at an altitude of 760 m above sea level. This study used a single factor in complete randomized completely-block design with 18 test lines and 3 comparison varieties. Based on the results of the study, the yield of G33, G133, and G205 were significantly higher than the control varieties except for the characters of plant height, wet crown weight, seed shell ripening index, and pod per m². The results of the analysis showed that the character of the number of pods, the number of filled pods, the weight of the pods, the weight of the filled pods, and the weight of the pods per m² had a strong and very significant correlation coefficient with seed weight per plant. These characters can be considered for selection in the assembly of superior varieties. Based on the total pod weight character, the selected lines that have higher yield are G21, G33, G41, G76, G99, G133, G199, G205, G209, and G237.