Kajian Nilai Ekonomi dan Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove di Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk

Abstract

Konversi lahan mangrove menjadi peruntukkan lain kerap kali terjadi di Indonesia, tidak terkecuali di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Salah satu lahan mangrove yang berhasil dipertahankan sebagai lokasi ekowisata oleh Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta adalah Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Angke Kapuk. Selain mempertahankan fungsi ekosistem mangrove sebagai penyedia jasa lingkungan, keberadaan TWA Angke Kapuk juga memiliki banyak kegunaan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung bagi wisatawan dan masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengkaji kondisi ekosistem mangrove di TWA Angke Kapuk, (2) mengestimasi nilai ekonomi total dari ekosistem mangrove di TWA Angke Kapuk, (3) menganalisis status keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove di TWA Angke Kapuk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus, sedangkan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, valuasi ekonomi, Travel Cost Method (TCM), dan Rapid Appraisal of Mangrove Forest (Rap_Mforest). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi ekosistem mangrove TWA Angke Kapuk lebih baik setelah adanya rehabilitasi dilihat dari pertambahan luas tutupan vegetasi, jenis, kerapatan, serta perubahan pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove. Hasil estimasi nilai ekonomi total ekosistem mangrove TWA Angke Kapuk yaitu sebesar Rp17.943.600.572/tahun atau Rp179.759.573/ha/tahun. Status keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove TWA Angke Kapuk memiliki status kurang berkelanjutan untuk dimensi ekologi (50,23), sedangkan untuk dimensi ekonomi (64,83), dimensi sosial (56,95), dan dimensi kelembagaan (53,75) memiliki status cukup berkelanjutan. Pengelolaan TWA Angke Kapuk perlu ditingkatkan agar ekosistem mangrove dapat mencapai status keberlanjutan baik.

Conversion of mangrove land into other uses often occurs in Indonesia, including in Special Capital Region of Jakarta. One of the mangrove lands that has been successfully preserved as an ecotourism area by the Jakarta Provincial Government is the Angke Kapuk Nature Tourism Park (NTP). Besides to maintain its function as an environmental service providers, the existence of Angke Kapuk NTP is also directly and indirectly useful for tourists and the surrounding community. This research aims to (1) examine the condition of mangrove ecosystem in Angke Kapuk NTP, (2) estimate the total economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Angke Kapuk NTP, and (3) analyze the sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem in Angke Kapuk NTP. The research method used in this research is case study, while the analytical methods used are quantitative descriptive analysis, economic valuation, Travel Cost Method (TCM), and Rapid Appraisal of Mangrove Forest (Rap_Mforest). The results of the research showed that the condition of mangrove ecosystem after rehabilitation is in a better condition, which can be seen from the improvement in the area of vegetation cover, type, density, and appropriate utilization of mangrove ecosystem in Angke Kapuk NTP. The total economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Angke Kapuk NTP is Rp17.943.600.572 per year or Rp179.759.573 per hectare per year. The sustainability analysis of mangrove ecosystem in Angke Kapuk NTP are classified as less sustainable for the ecological dimension (50,23), while for other dimensions which consist of the economic dimension (64,83), the social dimension (56,95), and the institutional dimension (53,75) are classified as quite sustainable. Therefore, the management of Angke Kapuk NTP needs to be improved in order to obtain a good sustainability status of the mangrove ecosystem.