Respon Berbagai Varietas Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap Periode After-ripening dan Perlakuan Pematahan Dormansi Benih
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari respon beberapa varietas kacang
tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap perlakuan pematahan dormansi selama
periode 6 minggu after-ripening, dan mendapatkan metode pematahan dormansi
yang efektif. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi
Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB mulai November 2021 sampai
Maret 2022. Terdapat dua percobaan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap
menggunakan rancangan lingkungan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design).
Percobaan 1 menggunakan sembilan varietas (Hypoma 1, Takar 2, Tuban, Kancil,
Kelinci, Pelanduk, Garuda, Zebra, Gajah) sebagai petak utama, dan periode after ripening sebagai anak petak. Setelah panen benih dikeringkan hingga mencapai
kadar air 7–14 %, disimpan dalam kemasan plastik pada suhu rata-rata 28 °C selama
0, 2, 4, dan 6 minggu (periode after-ripening). Percobaan 2 menggunakan sembilan
varietas (sama seperti percobaan 1) sebagai petak utama, dan perlakuan pematahan
dormansi sebagai anak petak. Perlakuan pematahan dormansi terdiri atas kontrol
(tanpa perlakuan), pelembapan awal substrat pengecambahan dengan KNO3 0,2%,
dan pemanasan benih pada suhu 40 °C selama 72 jam. Selama periode 6 minggu
after-ripening benih kacang tanah semua varietas belum mengalami patah dormansi.
Perlakuan pemanasan benih pada suhu 40 °C selama 72 jam saat 6 minggu after ripening merupakan metode paling efektif mematahkan dormansi benih kacang
tanah varietas Kancil, Kelinci, Zebra dan Gajah. This research aimed to study the responses of several peanut (Arachis
hypogaea L.) cultivars to the treatment of breaking dormancy up to 6 weeks after ripening and find an effective method of breaking dormancy. The experiment was
conducted at IPB Seed Storage and Seed Quality Testing Laboratory from
November 2021 until March 2022. Two experiments were arranged in a Completely
Randomized Design with a Split Plot environmental design. Experiment 1 used nine
varieties (Hypoma 1, Takar 2, Tuban, Kancil, Kelinci, Pelanduk, Garuda, Zebra,
and Gajah) as the main plot and the after-ripening period as sub-plots. After
harvesting, the seeds were dried to a moisture content of 7–14% and stored in plastic
packaging at an average temperature of 28 °C for 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks (after-ripening
period). Experiment 2 used nine varieties (same as experiment 1) as the main plot
and the treatment of breaking dormancy as sub-plots. The dormancy-breaking
treatments consisted of control (without treatment), moistening the germination
substrate initially with 0.2% KNO3, and heating the seeds at 40 °C for 72 hours.
During the 6-weeks after the ripening of peanut seeds, all varieties have not broken
dormancy. Dormancy breaking treatment by heating seeds at 40 °C for 72 hours 6
weeks after-ripening was the most effective method of breaking the dormancy of
peanut seeds cv. Kancil, Kelinci, Zebra and Gajah.