Identifikasi Berbagai Aksesi Tanaman Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi di Kebun Rakyat, Kecamatan Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut

Abstract

Kopi (Coffea sp.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang berperan penting dalam kegiatan perekonomian di Indonesia. Umumnya buah kopi Arabika berwarna merah saat matang, namun salah satu kopi yang tumbuh di lahan petani Garut berbuah kuning dan diduga berasal dari tetua kopi berbuah merah, tetapi identitas tetuanya tidak diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi berbagai aksesi tanaman kopi Arabika dan menganalisis kekerabatan kopi Arabika berbuah kuning dan berbuah merah melalui karakter morfologi di Kebun Rakyat, Kecamatan Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga Juli 2022. Lokasi penelitian bertempat di tiga blok Kebun Rakyat, Desa Margamulya, Kecamatan Cikajang. Percobaan dilakukan dengan cara mengidentifikasi karakter morfologi setiap aksesi menggunakan descriptor list IPGRI untuk tanaman kopi yang dimodifikasi. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 5%. Data kualitatif dan sebagian data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis cluster untuk melihat kekerabatan antar aksesi menggunakan program NTSYS 2.11a. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi, terdapat delapan aksesi kopi Arabika dengan tiga warna buah yang berbeda yaitu kopi berbuah kuning (A1), berbuah merah (A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7) dan berbuah oranye (A8). Hasil dendogram menunjukkan terdapat kekerabatan antara A1 yang berbuah kuning dengan A2 yang berbuah merah pada tingkat kemiripan 75% berdasarkan karakter morfologi yang dimilikinya

Coffee (Coffea sp.) is a plantation commodity that plays an important role in economic activities in Indonesia. Generally, Arabica coffee cherries are red when ripe, but one of the coffees that grows on Garut farmer's land bears yellow fruit and is thought to have come from a red fruit coffee parent, but the identity of the parent is unknown. The aims of this study were to identify various accessions of Arabica coffee plants and to analyze the kinship of Arabica coffee with yellow fruit and red fruit through morphological characters in the Small Holder's Garden, Cikajang District, Garut Regency. The research was conducted from January to July 2022. The research location was located in three blocks of the People's Garden, Margamulya Village, Cikajang District. The experiment was carried out by identifying the morphological characters of each accession using the IPGRI descriptor list for the modified coffee plants. Quantitative data were analyzed using the ANOVA test and the DMRT follow-up test at the 5% level. Qualitative data and part of the quantitative data were analyzed using cluster analysis to see the kinship between accessions using the NTSYS 2.11a program. Based on the identification results, there are eight accessions of Arabica coffee with three different fruit colors, namely coffee with yellow fruit (A1), red fruit (A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7) and orange fruit (A8). The dendogram results showed that there was a kinship between A1 with yellow fruit and A2 with red fruit at a 75% similarity level based on their morphological characters