Tambahan Kulit Batang Kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai Antibakteri pada Bioplastik Pati Onggok Singkong dan Kitosan

Abstract

Antibakteri diperlukan pada bioplastik berbasis pati untuk memperpanjang daya simpan. Kulit batang kelor (Moringa oleifera) menjadi salah satu solusi sebagai bahan antibakteri karena kandungan metabolit sekunder, seperti fenolat dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kemampuan kulit batang kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai antibakteri pada bioplastik berbasis pati onggok singkong dan kitosan. Bioplastik dibuat tanpa ekstrak kulit batang kelor dan dengan ekstrak kulit batang kelor sebanyak 4, 8, dan 12 mL. Berdasarkan uji t terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara bioplastik tanpa tambahan ekstrak dan dengan ekstrak etanol kulit batang kelor. Bioplastik yang ditambah 8 mL ekstrak dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan diameter zona hambat tertinggi. Tambahan gliserol memengaruhi sifat mekanik bioplastik. Sifat kuat tarik menurun dan elongasi bioplastik meningkat jika tambahan gliserol semakin banyak. Daya serap air dan ketebalan bioplastik semakin meningkat saat ditambahkan gliserol. Ekstrak etanol kulit batang kelor memengaruhi elongasi bioplastik.

Antibacterial is required in starch-based bioplastics to extend shelf life. Moringa bark (Moringa oleifera) is one of the solutions as antibacterial agents due to its secondary metabolites, such as phenolics and tannins. This experiment aims to determine the ability of Moringa bark as an antibacterial in bioplastics based on cassava starch and chitosan. Bioplastics were prepared without and with bark extract of 4, 8, and 12 mL. The t-test showed a significant difference between the bioplastics without and that with ethanol extract of Moringa bark. Bioplastics added with 8 mL extracts can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus with the highest inhibition zone diameter. The addition of glycerol affects the mechanical properties of the bioplastics. The tensile strength decreased, and the elongation of the bioplastic increased as the addition of glycerol increased. In addition, the water absorption and thickness of the bioplastics increased when glycerol was added. The ethanol extract of Moringa stem bark affects bioplastic elongation.