Daya Saing dan Determinan Volume Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Amerika Serikat

Abstract

Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan ekspor dari subsektor perkebunan Indonesia. Indonesia harus memanfaatkan perdagangan pada komoditas kopi melihat fakta bahwa Indonesia merupakan pengekspor kopi terbesar keenam di dunia. Amerika Serikat merupakan negara pengimpor dan pengkonsumsi kopi terbesar di dunia. Pangsa pasar kopi Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat saat ini berfluktuasi, hal ini terjadi karena banyaknya pesaing dari negara lain. Tujuan dari penelitian, yaitu menganalisis daya saing ekspor kopi Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi volume ekspor kopi Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), dan Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 2001-2021, kopi Indonesia sudah memiliki daya saing baik dari keunggulan komparatif maupun kompetitif di pasar Amerika Serikat. Kegiatan ekspor kopi Indonesia di pasar AS dipengaruhi oleh GDP riil per kapita AS, rasio harga kopi Brazil dan Indonesia, dan harga ekspor teh dunia.

tion subsector. Indonesia must take advantage of trade in coffee commodities considering the fact that Indonesia is the sixth largest coffee exporter in the world. The United States is the largest coffee importing and consuming country in the world. The market share of Indonesian coffee in the United States market is currently fluctuating, this is due to the large number of competitors from other countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports in the United States market and to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian coffee exports in the United States market. The methods used in this study are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the study show that during the period 2001-2021, Indonesian coffee already has a competitive advantage both in terms of comparative and competitive advantages in the United States market. Indonesian coffee export activities in the US market are influenced by US real GDP per capita, the ratio of Brazilian and Indonesian coffee prices, and world tea export prices.