Daya Saing dan Determinan Volume Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Amerika Serikat
Abstract
Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan ekspor dari subsektor
perkebunan Indonesia. Indonesia harus memanfaatkan perdagangan pada
komoditas kopi melihat fakta bahwa Indonesia merupakan pengekspor kopi
terbesar keenam di dunia. Amerika Serikat merupakan negara pengimpor dan
pengkonsumsi kopi terbesar di dunia. Pangsa pasar kopi Indonesia di pasar Amerika
Serikat saat ini berfluktuasi, hal ini terjadi karena banyaknya pesaing dari negara
lain. Tujuan dari penelitian, yaitu menganalisis daya saing ekspor kopi Indonesia di
pasar Amerika Serikat dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi volume
ekspor kopi Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat. Metode yang digunakan pada
penelitian ini yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export
Competitiveness Index (ECI), dan Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 2001-2021, kopi Indonesia sudah memiliki
daya saing baik dari keunggulan komparatif maupun kompetitif di pasar Amerika
Serikat. Kegiatan ekspor kopi Indonesia di pasar AS dipengaruhi oleh GDP riil per
kapita AS, rasio harga kopi Brazil dan Indonesia, dan harga ekspor teh dunia. tion subsector. Indonesia must take advantage of trade in coffee commodities
considering the fact that Indonesia is the sixth largest coffee exporter in the world.
The United States is the largest coffee importing and consuming country in the
world. The market share of Indonesian coffee in the United States market is
currently fluctuating, this is due to the large number of competitors from other
countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the competitiveness of
Indonesian coffee exports in the United States market and to analyze the factors that
affect the volume of Indonesian coffee exports in the United States market. The
methods used in this study are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export
Competitiveness Index (ECI), and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the
study show that during the period 2001-2021, Indonesian coffee already has a
competitive advantage both in terms of comparative and competitive advantages in
the United States market. Indonesian coffee export activities in the US market are
influenced by US real GDP per capita, the ratio of Brazilian and Indonesian coffee
prices, and world tea export prices.