Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Indonesia

Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda dunia termasuk Indonesia mendorong pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan PSBB. Kebijakan ini membatasi aktivitas sosial ekonomi masyarakat sehingga berdampak pada keberlangsungan pekerjaan hingga penurunan pendapatan pekerja. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) dan rasio gini Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keadaan TPT dan ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 serta menganalisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi TPT dan ketimpangan pendapatan terhadap TPT dan ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memakai metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi data panel statis 34 provinsi selama rentang waktu 2020-2021 yang terdiri dari empat model, dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dan Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil estimasi data panel menunjukkan bahwa kasus positif Covid-19, PDRB, dan rata-rata lama sekolah memengaruhi secara positif dan signifikan terhadap TPT, sedangkan IPM memengaruhi secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap TPT. Sementara itu, kasus positif Covid-19 dan PDRB per kapita memengaruhi secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan.

The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world, including Indonesia, has prompted the Indonesian government to implement the PSBB policy. This policy limits the socio- economic activities of the community so that it has an impact on the continuity of work to a decrease in workers' income. This causes the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) and Indonesia's Gini ratio to increase. This study aims to explain the condition of TPT and income inequality in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the factors that affect TPT and income inequality on TPT and income inequality in Indonesia. This study uses descriptive analysis methods and static panel data regression analysis of 34 provinces during the 2020-2021 time span which consists of four models, with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and Random Effect Model (REM) approaches. The results of the panel data estimation show that positive cases of Covid-19, GRDP, and average length of schooling have a positive and significant impact on TPT, while HDI has a negative and significant impact on TPT. Meanwhile, positive cases of Covid-19 and GRDP per capita have a negative and significant impact on income inequality.