Evaluasi Daya Hasil Cabai Besar (Capsicum annuum L.) Hibrida dan Non Hibrida IPB untuk Pelepasan Varietas

Abstract

Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang bernilai ekonomi dan konsumsi yang tinggi, sehingga perlu dukungan ketersediaan varietas unggul dengan meningkatkan upaya pelepasan varietas atas kandidat varietas hasil pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi daya hasil galur hibrida dan non hibrida cabai besar IPB serta mengidentifikasi keunggulan galur uji cabai besar IPB yang akan dilepas menjadi varietas unggul baru. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2021 – Februari 2022 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman IPB. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan genotipe cabai sebagai perlakuan. Perlakuan genotipe terdiri dari 10 genotipe cabai yang terdiri dari 1 galur uji hibrida, 2 galur uji non hibrida, 5 varietas pembanding hibrida, dan 2 varietas pembanding non hibrida. Setiap genotipe diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga terdapat 30 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur uji hibrida (F1.074005) maupun non hibrida (F12.120005 dan F8.074136) memiliki keunggulan seperti umur berbunga dan umur panen tergolong genjah (21,67-23,67 HST dan 66,3-68 HST), penampilan buah yang termasuk ke dalam mutu I SNI, bobot per buah tinggi (6,73 – 10,96 g), jumlah buah per tanaman banyak (78 – 129 buah), dan persentase hidup tinggi (88,33 – 96,67 %). Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa potensi hasil tanaman berkorelasi sedang dengan karakter panjang daun, ketebalan buah, bobot per buah, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman, produktivitas, dan persentase hidup tanaman. Galur hibrida F1.074005, dan dua galur non hibrida F12.120005 dan F8.074136 direkomendasikan untuk dilepas.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a horticultural commodity that has high economic value and consumption, so it is important to support the availability of high-yielding varieties by increasing efforts to release candidate varieties generated through plant breeding. This study aims to evaluate the yield of hybrid and non-hybrid test lines of chili pepper IPB and identify the advantages of test lines of chili pepper IPB which will be released into new high yielding varieties. This research was carried out in September 2021 – February 2022 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Garden of IPB and the Plant Breeding Laboratory of IPB. The experimental design applied a single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with chili genotype as the treatment. The genotype treatment consisted of 10 chili genotypes consisting of 1 hybrid test line, 2 non-hybrid test lines, 5 hybrid comparison varieties, and 2 non-hybrid comparison varieties. Each genotype was repeated three times so that there were 30 experimental units. The results showed that the hybrid test lines (F1.074005) and non-hybrid (F12.120005 and F8.074136) had such as flowering age and early harvesting age (21.67-23.67 DAP and 66.3-68 DAP), fruit appearance which is included in SNI I quality, high weight per fruit (6.73 – 10.96 g), large number of fruit per plant (78 – 129 fruit), and high proportion of living plant (88.33 – 96.67 %). The results of the correlation test showed that the potential yield of plants was moderately correlated with the characters of leaf length, fruit thickness, weight per fruit, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, productivity, and percentage of plant life. The hybrid test line F1.074005, and two non-hybrid test lines F12.120005 and F8.074136 are recommended for release.