Komposisi dan Kelimpahan Makroplastik di Sungai Citarum (Sebelum dan Sesudah Waduk Saguling), Jawa Barat

Abstract

Sungai Citarum merupakan sungai yang mengaliri tiga bendungan besar dan banyak dimanfaatkan oleh manusia dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya yang menghasilkan makroplastik sehingga terganggunya fungsi ekosistem. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan jumlah makroplastik yang ada di Sungai Citarum, khususnya di lokasi sungai sebelum memasuki dan setelah outlet Waduk Saguling, berdasarkan perbedaan waktu, yaitu pagi, siang, dan sore. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan di Jembatan Nanjung, Desa Nanjung dan Jembatan Citarum Lama, Kecamatan Cipatat, pada bulan April hingga Juni 2021 dan bulan Agustus hingga November 2021. Sampel sampah plastik dianalisis kelimpahan dan komposisi jenis makroplastiknya. Uji statistik Kruskal Wallis, RLS, RLB, dan Korelasi digunakan untuk mengetahui beda nyata kelimpahan pada waktu pengamatan, dan pengaruh curah hujan terhadap kelimpahan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan kelimpahan makroplastik relatif sama antara waktu pengamatan, yaitu pagi, siang, dan sore hari. Curah hujan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan makroplastik. Kelimpahan makroplastik paling tinggi ditemukan di Stasiun Nanjung pada sore hari. Sementara itu, komposisi jenis yang paling dominan ditemukan ialah kantung plastik bening, styrofoam, sachets, dan kemasan allumunium. Perbedaan kelimpahan pada kedua stasiun dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan Waduk Saguling di antara kedua stasiun.

The Citarum River is a river that flows through three large dams and is widely used by humans in carrying out their activities that produce macroplastics so that ecosystem functions are disrupted. The purpose of this study was to identify the type and amount of macroplastic present in the Citarum River, especially at the location of the river before entering and after the outlet of the Saguling Reservoir, based on time differences, namely morning, afternoon, and evening. Sampling was carried out at Nanjung Bridge, Nanjung Village and Citarum Lama Bridge, Cipatat District, from April to June 2021 and August to November 2021. Plastic waste samples were analyzed for abundance and composition of macroplastic types. Kruskal Wallis, RLS, RLB, and Correlation statistical tests were used to determine the significant difference in abundance at the time of observation, and the effect of rainfall on abundance. The results obtained showed that the abundance of macroplastics was relatively the same between the time of observation, namely morning, afternoon, and evening. Rainfall has no effect on the abundance of macroplastics. The highest abundance of macroplastics was found at Nanjung Station in the afternoon. Meanwhile, the composition of the most dominant species found were clear plastic bags, Styrofoam, sachets, and aluminum packaging. The difference in abundance at the two stations is influenced by the presence of the Saguling Reservoir between the two stations.