Pengaruh Teknik Priming terhadap Mutu Benih Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Benih bermutu rendah akan menghasilkan pertanaman yang tidak seragam dan persentase tumbuh rendah. Upaya meningkatkan mutu benih dapat dilakukan dengan priming. Ada berbagai teknik priming benih yaitu hydropriming, halopriming, dan osmopriming. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan teknik priming yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan mutu benih jagung. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu lot benih dan teknik priming. Faktor lot benih terdiri atas lot benih jagung hibrida varietas BISI 959 yang berbeda tanggal akhir masa edar yaitu 7 April 2021 (lot benih A) dan 10 Februari 2022 (lot benih B). Faktor teknik priming terdiri atas tujuh taraf, yaitu kontrol (P0), aquades non-aerator (P1), aquades aerator (P2), 1% KNO3 non aerator (P3), 1% KNO3 aerator (P4), – 0.4 MPa PEG 6000 non aerator (P5), dan – 0.4 MPa PEG 6000 aerator (P6). Perendaman benih untuk perlakuan P1, P2, P3, dan P4 dilakukan selama 24 jam pada suhu 18-20°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan priming meningkatkan daya berkecambah pada kedua lot benih, nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan osmopriming PEG 6000 aerator dan hydropriming (aquades) aerator. Semua teknik priming, kecuali perlakuan KNO3, meningkatkan vigor lot benih B, sedangkan pada lot benih A hanya perlakuan aquades aerator/non aerator yang efektif.

Low-quality seeds will result in non-uniform plantings and low growth percentages. Efforts to improve seed quality can be done by seed priming. There are various seed priming techniques including hydropriming, halopriming, and osmopriming. This study's objective was to obtain the most effective priming technique for improving the quality of maize seeds. The experiment was arranged in a two-factor randomized complete block design. The seed lot factor consisted of two seed lots of maize seeds cv. BISI 959 with different expired dates of 7 April 2021 (lot A) and 10 February 2022 (lot B). The priming treatment factor consisted of seven levels, namely control (P0), aquadest non-aerator (P1), aquadest aerator (P2), 1% KNO3 non-aerator (P3), 1% KNO3 aerator (P4), – 0.4 MPa PEG 6000 non-aerator (P5), and – 0.4 MPa PEG 6000 aerator (P6). Soaking the seeds for treatments P1, P2, P3, and P4 was carried out for 24 hours at 18-20°C. The results showed that all seed priming treatments increased germination percentages in both seed lots, the highest value being the osmopriming PEG 6000 aerator and the hydropriming (aquadest) aerator treatments. All priming techniques, except the KNO3 treatment, increased seed vigor of lot B, while in seed lot A only hydropriming (aquadest) either with or without aerator was effective.