Risk Assessment Semi Kuantitatif Logam Berat pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) Hasil Budidaya di Waduk Jatiluhur, Purwakarta, Jawa Barat.

Abstract

Waduk Jatiluhur adalah salah satu bendungan di Jawa Barat yang dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan mas, ikan nila dan ikan patin. Sumber air Waduk Jatiluhur yang berasal dari Sungai Citarum diketahui telah tercemar akibat pembuangan limbah peternakan, domestik dan industri. Pencemaran air tersebut akan berdampak pada organisme air di dalamnya dan dapat menjadi suatu ancaman bahaya bagi kesehatan manusia apabila dikonsumsi. Ikan mas merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar dengan volume produksi yang tinggi di Keramba Jaring Apung, Waduk Jatiluhur. Berdasarkan informasi dari penelitian sebelumnya bahwa perairan Waduk Jatiluhur tercemar logam berat Hg, Pb dan Cd akibat dari buangan limbah industri maupun limbah rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeterminasi kandungan logam berat pada ikan mas (C. carpio), dan menentukan penilaian risiko konsumsi ikan mas hasil budidaya di Waduk Jatiluhur. Sampel ikan dan air diambil dari tambak selama musim hujan pada bulan Oktober-November 2020, dan Maret 2021 dan dilakukan analisis logam berat Hg, Pb dan Cd serta kualitas air yaitu biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fosfat total, dan amoniak. Penelusuran dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada konsumen ikan mas dilakukan pada bulan April 2021. Analis logam berat pada ikan dan air serta kualitas air (BOD,COD, fosfat total dan amoniak) berdasarkan metode American Public Health Association. Karakterisasi risiko dinilai dengan perbandingan hasil analisis paparan terhadap dosis referensi (RfD) dan menggunakan spreadsheet risk ranger untuk menentukan tingkat bahaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan tersebut dalam kategori tercemar dengan konsentrasi biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fosfat total, dan amoniak lebih tinggi dari baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan dan mengandung logam berat Cd, Hg dan Pb. Penilaian risiko berdasarkan tingkat konsumsi ikan rata-rata (0,04627 kg/hari) dan berat badan responden (63,5 kg), menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan manusia yang mengkonsumsi ikan Mas yang berasal dari Waduk Jatiluhur relatif aman. Penilaian menggunakan risk ranger menunjukkan hasil tingkat risiko terhadap cemaran logam berat Hg dan Cd pada ikan mas bagi penduduk Depok tergolong dalam kategori sedang (medium) dengan tingkat risiko yaitu 47 dan 46 dari skala 32-48 sedangkan tingkat risiko yang disebabkan kontaminasi logam berat Pb tergolong tinggi yaitu dengan nilai 53 dari skala >48

Jatiluhur Reservoir is one of the dams in West Java which is used for the cultivation of carp, tilapia and catfish. Jatiluhur Reservoir water source originating from the Citarum River is known to have been polluted due to the disposal of livestock, domestic and industrial waste. Water pollution will have an impact on the aquatic organisms in it and the people whom consume these food sources. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the main fish which cultured on floating cages. This study was aimed to determined the content of heavy metals on carp (C. carpio) flesh, and to determined the risk of consumption of carp originating from Jatiluhur Reservoir. Fish and water samples were taken from the cages during the rainy season in October-November 2020, and March 2021 and analyzed for heavy metals Hg, Pb and Cd as well as water quality, namely biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphate and ammonia. Tracing and distribution of questionnaire to consumer was conducted in April 2021. Analysis of heavy metals on fish, water media, and water quality (BOD, COD, total phosphate and ammonia) based on the American Public Health Association method. Risk characterization was assessed by comparing the results of the exposure analysis to the reference dose (RfD) and using a risk ranger spreadsheet to determine the level of hazard. The results showed that the waters were in the polluted category with concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphate, and ammonia higher than the established quality standards and contained heavy metals Cd, Hg and Pb. The risk assessment was based on the average level of fish consumption (0,04627 kg/day) and the respondent's body weight (63,5 kg), indicating that human health who consumed fish from Jatiluhur Reservoir was relatively safe. The assessment using a risk ranger showed that the level of risk for heavy metal contamination of Hg and Cd on carp for Depok residents was in the medium category with a risk level of 47 and 46 on a scale of 32-48, while the level of risk caused by heavy metal Pb contamination was high, with a value of 53 from a scale > 48