Analisis Trombosit dan Leukosit pada Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.)

Abstract

Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak memiliki potensi penghambatan pertumbuhan sel MCF-7 kanker payudara. Telah dilakukan uji toksisitas akut dan hasilnya tidak menunjukkan dampak negatif pada parameter yang diamati. Agar dapat dilanjutkan pada fase klinis, perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas subkronis selama 90 hari untuk melihat keamanan pemberian ekstrak dalam waktu lama. Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan pada dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan jumlah trombosit, leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit tikus galur Sprague-dawley yang diinduksi dengan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak selama 90 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah trombosit, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit masih berada dalam rentang normal. Namun, nilai PDW H-60 dosis 20 mg/kgBB dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB sebesar 14,96% dan 15,1% serta nilai MPV H-30 dosis 240 mg/kgBB, satelit normal, dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB, yaitu 5,41 fL, 10,46 fL, dan 10,73 fL tidak berada di rentang normal. Hal tersebut diduga karena adanya infeksi patogen pada tikus. Ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak aman dikonsumsi selama 90 hari tanpa efek toksik yang tertunda.

Previous research showed that soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Acute toxicity test has been carried out and the results did not show a negative impact on the observed parameters. In order to enter the clinical phase, it is necessary to do a subchronic toxicity test for 90 days to see the safety of long-term administration of the extract. The extract was administered at doses of 20, 80, and 240 mg/kgBW. This study aimed to compare the number of platelets, leukocytes, and differential leukocytes of Sprague-dawley rats induced with Soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract for 90 days. The results showed that the number of platelets, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), leukocytes, and differential leukocytes were still within the normal range. However, the value PDW on the 60 days at a dose of 20 mg/kgBW and satellite 240 mg/kgBW was 14,96% and 15,1% and the MPV value on the 30 days at a dose of 240 mg/kgBW, normal satellite, and satellite 240 mg/kgBW, that is 5,41 fL, 10,46 fL, and 10,73 fL were not in the normal range. This is probaby due to the presence of pathogenic infection in rats. Soursop leaf endophytic mold extract is safe to consume for 90 days without delayed toxic effects.