Keanekaragaman Jenis Mesofauna Tanah di Berbagai Tipe Tutupan Lahan di Desa Panglungan, Kabupaten Jombang
Abstract
Jenis tutupan lahan berpengaruh terhadap kondisi tanahyang selanjutnya berakibat
pula pada perbedaan keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui pengaruh tutupan lahan terhadap keanekaragaman mesofauna
tanah di bawahnya. Metodologi yang digunakan meliputi analisis kualitas tanah,
kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah, serta menguji tingkat kesamaan
komunitas mesofauna tanah antar tutupan lahan. Pengambilan sampel tanah
dilakukan di beberapa titik pada masing-masing tutupan lahan, yaitu ladang jagung,
perkebunan kopi, dan hutan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara
keseluruhan ditemukan 20 famili dari 13 ordo yang berbeda. Kelimpahan populasi
mesofauna tanah tertinggi terdapat pada tutupan lahan ladang jagung, sedangkan
kelimpahan terendah terdapat pada tutupan lahan perkebunan kopi. Nilai
keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah tertinggi terdapat pada tutupan lahan hutan
sekunder, sedangkan nilai keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah terendah terdapat
pada tutupan lahan perkebunan kopi. Perbedaan jenis dan keanekaragaman vegetasi
dapat meningkatkan keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah, sedangkan campur tangan
terhadap tanah, seperti pemupukan dapat menurunkan keanekaragaman mesofauna
tanah. Types of land cover affect soil condition which results in differences in the diversity
of soil mesofauna. This study aims to determine the effect of land cover on the
diversity of mesofauna in the underlying soil. Method of this study included
analysis of soil quality, abundance, and diversity of soil mesofauna, as well as
testing the level of similarity of soil mesofauna communities between land covers.
Soil sampling was carried out at several points in each land cover, namely rice fields,
coffee plantations, and secondary forests. The results of this analysis showed that
there were 20 families of mesofauna from 13 different orders. The highest
abundance of soil mesofauna population was found in rice field land cover, while
the lowest abundance was in coffee plantation land cover. The highest value of soil
mesofauna diversity was found in secondary forest land cover. On the other hand,
the coffee plantation land cover was found as having the lowest soil mesofauna
diversity. The differences between types and diversity of vegetation can increase
the diversity of soil mesofauna, while intervention on soil, such as fertilization can
reduce soil mesofauna diversity.