Keanekaragaman Jenis Mesofauna Tanah di Berbagai Tipe Tutupan Lahan di Desa Panglungan, Kabupaten Jombang

Abstract

Jenis tutupan lahan berpengaruh terhadap kondisi tanahyang selanjutnya berakibat pula pada perbedaan keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tutupan lahan terhadap keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah di bawahnya. Metodologi yang digunakan meliputi analisis kualitas tanah, kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah, serta menguji tingkat kesamaan komunitas mesofauna tanah antar tutupan lahan. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan di beberapa titik pada masing-masing tutupan lahan, yaitu ladang jagung, perkebunan kopi, dan hutan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan ditemukan 20 famili dari 13 ordo yang berbeda. Kelimpahan populasi mesofauna tanah tertinggi terdapat pada tutupan lahan ladang jagung, sedangkan kelimpahan terendah terdapat pada tutupan lahan perkebunan kopi. Nilai keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah tertinggi terdapat pada tutupan lahan hutan sekunder, sedangkan nilai keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah terendah terdapat pada tutupan lahan perkebunan kopi. Perbedaan jenis dan keanekaragaman vegetasi dapat meningkatkan keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah, sedangkan campur tangan terhadap tanah, seperti pemupukan dapat menurunkan keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah.

Types of land cover affect soil condition which results in differences in the diversity of soil mesofauna. This study aims to determine the effect of land cover on the diversity of mesofauna in the underlying soil. Method of this study included analysis of soil quality, abundance, and diversity of soil mesofauna, as well as testing the level of similarity of soil mesofauna communities between land covers. Soil sampling was carried out at several points in each land cover, namely rice fields, coffee plantations, and secondary forests. The results of this analysis showed that there were 20 families of mesofauna from 13 different orders. The highest abundance of soil mesofauna population was found in rice field land cover, while the lowest abundance was in coffee plantation land cover. The highest value of soil mesofauna diversity was found in secondary forest land cover. On the other hand, the coffee plantation land cover was found as having the lowest soil mesofauna diversity. The differences between types and diversity of vegetation can increase the diversity of soil mesofauna, while intervention on soil, such as fertilization can reduce soil mesofauna diversity.