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      Struktur Komunitas Ikan Terumbu dan Asosiasinya dengan Bentuk Pertumbuhan Karang di Zona Inti Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Kepulauan Anambas

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      Date
      2021-11-26
      Author
      Setiawan, Mohd. Adip
      Zamani, Neviaty Putri
      Bengen, Dietriech Geoffrey
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      Abstract
      Pengelolaan kawasan konservasi laut sangat di butuhkan untuk menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem terumbu karang. Sebagai salah satu ekosistem di wilayah pesisir dan juga tersebar di kawasan pulau-pulau kecil adalah terumbu karang, terumbu karang berfungsi yaitu sebagai tempat pemijahan (spawning ground), daerah asuhan (nursery ground) dan juga tempat untuk mencari makan (feeding ground) oleh kebanyakan ikan karang. Komunitas ikan karang mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan terumbu karang sebagai habitatnya. Keberadaan komunitas ikan karang di suatu terumbu sangat perlu diketahui, melihat peranan dan fungsinya secara alamiah. Metode pengambilan data ikan karang dan bentuk pertumbuhan karang menggunakan metode underwater visual census (UVS) dan metode point intercept transect (PIT). Hasil identifikasi bentuk pertumbuhan karang di temukan 10 bentuk pertumbuhan, yang terdiri dari dua grup yaitu Acropora dan Non-acropora, dan ditemukan Dead Sceleractinia, Algae, Abiotic dan Other Fauna. Persentase tutupan karang hidup yang di temukan di zona inti Kepulauan Anambas berkisar antara 10-60 %, dengan rata-rata tutupan karang hidup di seluruh stasiun yaitu 34,89% dengan kategori kondisi sedang. Hasil analisis koresponden menujukkan empat kelompok bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang berhubungan pada stasiun penelitian. Hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan pada perairan zona inti Kepulauan Anambas di temukan 33 famili ikan karang. Famili ikan karang yang paling banyak di jumpai di perairan zona inti Kepulauan Anambas adalah famili ikan Pomacentridae. Hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan pada perairan zona inti Kepualauan Anambas di temukan 177 spesies ikan karang yang termasuk dalam 33 famili. Kelimpahan spesies ikan berdasarkan tingkatan trofiknya yaitu, kelompok ikan yang paling banyak di temukan pada perairan zona inti Kepulauan Anambas adalah kelompok ikan omnivora ditemukan sebanyak 14.924 ind/250m2. Hasil analisis kluster memperlihatkan indeks kesamaan (similarity) 43 % ditemukan tiga kelompok entitas (habitat). Hasil analisis koresponden yang dilakukan dengan melihat hubungan antar dua kelompok utama famili ikan karang dan bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang, yang di presentasikan pada dua sumbu yaitu sumbu F1 dan sumbu F2 dengan keragaman total sebesar 72,57 %. Hasil analisis koresponden yang dilakukan di jumpai tiga pengelompokan ikan karang berdasarkan asosiasinya dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang. Hubungan yang erat terjadi antara famili ikan Caesionidae dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang ACT, CF, CE dan CT. Hubungan kelompok ikan famili Siganidae dan Acanthuridae dengan bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang ACB, CB, CM, CS, DCA dan R. Hubungan kelompok famili ikan Carangidae, Letrinidae, Lutjanidae, Mulidae dan Scaridae dengan bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang ACD, S, MA dan SC. Hubungan kelompok famili ikan Chaetodontidae erat hubungannya dengan bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang ACD.
       
      Management of marine conservation areas is very much needed to maintain the sustainability of the coral reef ecosystem. As one of the ecosystems in coastal areas and also scattered in small islands are coral reefs, coral reefs function as a spawning ground, nursery ground and also a place to find food (feeding ground) by most. reef fish. Coral fish communities have a close relationship with coral reefs as their habitat. The existence of reef fish communities on a reef really needs to be known, seeing their roles and functions naturally. Methods of collecting data on reef fish and coral growth forms using the underwater visual census (UVS) method and the point intercept transect (PIT) method. The results of identification of coral growth forms found 10 growth forms, consisting of two groups, namely Acropora and Non-acropora, and found Dead Sceleractinia, Algae, Abiotic and Other Fauna. The percentage of live coral cover found in the core zone of Anambas Islands ranged from 10 to 60%, with an average live coral cover at all stations of 34.89% in the medium condition category. The results of the correspondent analysis showed four groups of coral growth forms that were related to the research station. The results of observations made in the waters of the core zone of the Anambas Islands found 33 families of reef fish. The most common coral fish family found in the waters of the core zone of the Anambas Islands is the Pomacentridae fish family. The results of observations made in the waters of the core zone of Anambas Islands found 177 species of reef fish belonging to 33 families. The abundance of fish species based on their trophic level, namely, the most common fish groups found in the waters of the core zone of the Anambas Islands are omnivorous fish groups found as many as 14,924 ind / 250m2. The results of cluster analysis showed a similarity index (similarity) 43% found three groups of entities (habitat). The results of the correspondent analysis were carried out by looking at the relationship between the two main groups of reef fish families and the form of coral reef growth, which were presented on two axes, namely the F1 axis and the F2 axis with a total diversity of 72.57%. The results of the correspondent analysis carried out were found three groupings of reef fish based on their association with the form of coral growth. A close relationship occurs between the Caesionidae fish family and the coral growth forms ACT, CF, CE and CT. The relationship between the fish families of the Siganidae and Acanthuridae families with the coral growth forms of ACB, CB, CM, CS, DCA and R. The relationship of the Chaetodontidae family of fish is closely related to the form of coral reef growth ACD.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/110013
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      • MT - Fisheries [3205]

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