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      Ragam Rhizopus pada Bahan Dasar Oncom Hitam

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Tanoto, Lusi
      Rahayu, Gayuh
      Hartanti, Anastasia Tatik
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      Abstract
      Oncom adalah makanan tradisional masyarakat di Jawa Barat. Oncom merupakan salah satu produk fermentasi campuran bungkil kacang tanah, ampas kelapa dan ampas tahu atau onggok oleh Rhizopus (Mucorales). Beragam spesies Rhizopus asal oncom hitam segar telah dilaporkan. Namun ragam Rhizopus asal bahan dasar oncom hitam belum pernah dilaporkan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi Rhizopus yang berasosiasi dengan bahan dasar oncom hitam dan membandingkannya dengan Rhizopus asal oncom segar. Bahan dasar oncom diambil dari satu pasar tradisional dan oncom segar diambil dari pengrajin oncom di kota Bogor, Jawa Barat. Kultur spora tunggal dari sporangium tunggal Rhizopus diidentifikasi berdasarkan suhu maksimum pertumbuhan koloni pada Agar Kentang Sukrosa setelah dua hari inkubasi dan ciri morfologinya. Suhu maksimum pertumbuhan semua kultur adalah antara 33 − < 42°C sehingga semuanya tergolong dalam kompleks spesies R. arrhizus/oryzae. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa ciri strain yang diperoleh bervariasi. Pada semua bahan dasar oncom hitam terdapat R. arrhizus var. tonkinensis dan pada oncom hitam segar terdapat var. arrhizus. R. arrhizus var. arrhizus diduga merupakan hasil domestikasi dari R. arrhizus var. tonkinensis asal bahan dasarnya yang berubah ciri sporangiofor dan ciri kolumelanya. Perubahan ini diduga terjadi akibat penggunaan sedikit bahan fermentasi sebelumnya secara terus-menerus sebagai sumber inokulum.
       
      Oncom is a traditional food from West Java. Oncom is a fermented product of a mixture peanut meal, coconut pulp and tofu waste or onggok by Rhizopus (Mucorales). Various species of Rhizopus from fresh black oncom have been reported but variety of Rhizopus from black oncom has never been reported. This study aims to make inventory of Rhizopus associated with the basic ingredients and compare with fresh oncom. The basic ingredients are taken from traditional market and fresh oncom are taken from oncom craftsmen in Bogor, West Java. Single spore culture of single sporangium Rhizopus was identified based on the maximum temperature growth on Sucrose Potato Agar after two days of incubation and morphological characteristics. The maximum temperature for growth of all cultures was between 33 − < 42°C belonged to the species complex R.arrhizus/oryzae. The identification results showed that the characteristics of thestrains obtained varied. In all the basic ingredients there is R. arrhizus var.tonkinensis and in fresh black oncom there is var. arrhizus. R. arrhizus var.arrhizus is thought to be domestication of R. arrhizus var. tonkinensis originating from its basic material which changed its sporangiophore and columellar characteristics. This change thought to have occurred due to continuous use of a small amount of previously fermented material as a source of inoculum.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109864
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