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| dc.description.abstract | Pada umumnya sumber bahan pakan di Indonesia masih mengandalkan bahan baku impor, maka diperlukan bahan baku lain yang tersedia dalam jumlah besar dan kontinyu dengan harga yang terjangkau. Salah satu komponen makro nutrien adalah karbohidrat yang memiliki persentase yang cukup tinggi dalam pakan. Salah satu bahan lokal yang potensial sebagai bahan pakan ikan untuk sumber karbohidrat yaitu tongkol jagung. Namun, tongkol jagung memiliki kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi dan dapat menurunkan nilai kecernaan bahan pakan. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan rekayasa peningkatan kualitas kandungan nutrien bahan agar pemanfaatannya dalam pakan ikan dapat dioptimalkan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan serat kasar tongkol jagung yaitu metode hidrolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh hidrolisis tongkol jagung terhadap kandungan serat kasar, kecernaan dan pemanfaatannya dalam pakan ikan nila merah. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu optimasi metode hidrolisis tongkol jagung dan uji kecernaan tongkol jagung pada ikan nila. Hidrolisis dilakukan dengan dua tahap, yaitu hidrolisis menggunakan koktail enzim 0,4 g kg-1 yang diinkubasi selama 24 jam dan hidrolisis tahap kedua menggunakan HCl dengan beberapa variabel yaitu konsentrasi (0,1 N dan 0,2 N), dengan lama waktu (0 jam, 4 jam, 8 jam, 12 jam dan 24 jam), dan rasio (bahan:larutan HCl) yang berbeda (1:2, 1:4 dan 1:6). Parameter uji yang diamati pada tahap ini meliputi serat kasar dan fraksi serat tongkol jagung. Pada penelitian tahap kedua dilakukan uji kecernaan dengan lima perlakuan pada tingkat inklusi tepung tongkol jagung yang berbeda yaitu pakan acuan tanpa penambahan tepung tongkol jagung (Rd); pakan dengan tepung tongkol jagung (TJt) tidak dihidrolisis 15% (TJt15%); pakan dengan tepung tongkol jagung tidak dihidrolisis 30% (TJt30%); pakan dengan tepung tongkol jagung (TJh) terhidrolisis 15% (TJh15%), dan pakan dengan tepung tongkol jagung dihidrolisis 30% (TJh30%) dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang empat kali. Sebagai penanda digunakan kromium 0,6%. Ikan uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan nila berukuran 15,86±0,19 g yang pelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 100x40x50 cm dengan kepadatan 85 ekor/m3. Pemberian pakan uji dilakukan selama 50 hari secara at satiation dan pengumpulan feses dilakukan selama 40 hari. Parameter uji yang diamati pada penelitian tahap ini meliputi kecernaan total, protein, lemak, energi, karbohidrat, bahan, glukosa darah, aktivitas enzim pencernaan, protein plasma darah dan laju pertumbuhan harian. Hasil penelitian tahap satu menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan hidrolisis HCl dengan konsentrasi 0,1 N -1, lama waktu inkubasi 8 jam dengan rasio bahan 1:4 dapat menurunkan serat kasar tongkol jagung tertinggi, sehingga konsentrasi, lama waktu dan rasio tersebut digunakan sebagai metode hidrolisis bahan untuk penelitian tahap selanjutnya. Hidrolisis ini dapat menurunkan serat kasar sebesar 57,53% dan menurunkan fraksi serat neutral detergent fiber (NDF) sebanyak 38,15%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 6,43% dan hemisellulosa 61,92%. Hasil uji kecernaan memperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan tepung tongkol jagung terhidrolisis secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan nilai kecernaan total, protein, lemak, energi, karbohidrat dan bahan pada ikan nila dengan nilai masing-masing sebanyak (9,0%, 4,4%, 4,0, 14,4%, 6,4 dan 255,6%). Aktivitas enzim pencernaan amilase, lipase dan protease pada ikan yang diberi perlakuan tongkol jagung terhidrolisis lebih tinggi dari pada yang tidak dihidrolisis dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan ikan yang diberi pakan acuan. Selain itu konsentrasi protein plasma darah pada ikan yang diberi perlakuan tongkol jagung terhidrolisis secara umum lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang diberi pakan dengan tongkol jagung yang tidak dihidrolisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hidrolisis menggunakan HCl dengan konsentrasi 0,1 N dengan lama waktu inkubasi 8 jam dan rasio 1:4 dapat menurunkan kandungan serat kasar, fraksi serat NDF, ADF, hemiselulosa, serta meningkatkan kecernaan dan pemanfaatan tongkol jagung dalam pakan ikan nila merah. | id |
| dc.description.abstract | In general, sources of feed ingredients in Indonesia still rely on imported raw materials, in this regard alternative raw materials that are available in bulk and continuous quantity at, affordable prices are needed. One of the macronutrients required in fish nutrition is carbohydrates, which is also accounted for a considerable percentage in the feed. Corn cob is one of the potential local ingredients than can be used as a carbohydrate source in fish feed ingredients. However, corn cobs have a high crude fiber content, which can reduce the digestibility of the feed. For this reason, it is necessary to find pre-treatment methods to improve the quality of the nutrient content of the material so that its utilization in fish feed can be optimized. One of the methods to reduce crude fiber of corn cobs is the hydrolysis method. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrolysis on crude fiber content, digestibility and utilization of corn cobs in red tilapia feed. The research was conducted in two stages, that is optimization of the corncob hydrolysis method and the corncob digestibility test on tilapia. The hydrolysis was carried out in two stages, namely hydrolysis using a cocktail enzyme a concentration 0.4 g kg-1 which was incubated for 24 hours and the second stage hydrolysis using HCl with several variables, namely different concentrations (0.1 N, 0.2 N), different incubation periods (0 hours, 4 hours. hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours), and different HCl:material ratios (1:2, 1:4 and 1:6). The tested parameters observed at this stage included the crude fiber and fiber fraction of corn cob. In the second stage of the study, a digestibility test was carried out with five treatments with different inclusion levels of corn cob meal, namely the reference diet without the addition of corn cob meal (Rd); diet whith 15% unhydrolyzed (TJt15%); diet with 30% unhydrolyzed corn cob meal (TJt30%); diet with 15% hydrolyzed corn cob meal (TJh15%); and diet with 30% hydrolyzed corn cob meal (TJh30%) with each treatment repeated four times. Chromium at a dose of 0.6% was used as an inert marker. The tested fish used in this study were tilapia at an initial body weight of 15.86±0.19 g, which were maintenaned in an aquarium 100x40x50 cm at density of 85fish/m3. Feeding with tested diets was carried out for 50 days to apparent satiation and the fecal collection was carried out for 40 days. The tested parameters observed at this stage of the study included total digestibility, protein, fat, energy, carbohydrates, ingredients, glucose, digestive enzyme activity, blood plasma protein and specific growth rate. The results of the first stage of the study showed that corn cob treatment with HCl at a concentration of 0.1 N, for 8 hours of incubation time with ratio of 1:4 resulted the highest corn cob production in crude fiber, so this concentration, incubation period and ratio were used as the method for corn cob meal hydrolysis the next stage. This hydrolysis method could reduce the crude fiber of corn cob by 57.53% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 38.15%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 6.43% and hemicellulose 61.92%. The digestibility test showed that the hydrolyzed corn cob flour treatment could significantly increase the dry matter, protein, fat, energy, carbohydrates and dry matter digestibility in red tilapia by 9.0%, 4.4%, 4.0%, 14,4%, 6.4% and 256%. Digestive enzymes activity of amylase, lipase and protease in fish fed with hydrolyzed corn cobs was higher than that in unhydrolyzed and not significantly different from the fish fed with the reference feed. In addition, plasma protein concentrations in fish the fish fed with hydrolyzed corn cob meals were generally higher than those fed unhydrolyzed corn cobs. In conclusion hydrolysis using HCl with a concentration of 0.1 N with an incubation time of 8 hours and a ratio of 1:4 can reduce crude fiber content, fiber fraction NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, and increase digestibility and utilization of corn cobs in fish red tilapia feed. | id |
