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      Aktivitas Antimikrob Minyak Atsiri dan Potensinya sebagai Antiseptik

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Rakhman, Ira Meylan Nafarah
      Astuti, Rika Indri
      Priyanto, Jepri Agung
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      Abstract
      Infeksi bakteri patogen menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia. Salah satu upaya dalam mencegah infeksi patogen adalah melalui aplikasi antiseptik. Salah satu sumber bahan antiseptik adalah minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis aktivitas antimikrob dari minyak atsiri dan potensinya sebagai antiseptik. Minyak atsiri yang digunakan adalah minyak cengkeh, minyak nilam, minyak serai, minyak jahe, dan minyak pala. Hasil uji antimikrob menggunakan metode agar difusi menunjukkan bahwa seluruh minyak tersebut memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang beragam dengan zona hambat berkisar antara 0,3 cm – 1,2 cm terhadap Escherichia coli [ATCC 8739], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 15442], dan Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538]. Minyak pala memiliki zona hambat terbesar terhadap ketiga jenis bakteri target. Berdasarkan uji viabilitas sel, minyak pala pada konsentrasi 500 ppm dan 1000 ppm berturut-turut dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S.aureus [ATCC 6538] hingga 62% dan 100% setelah 24 jam inkubasi. Analisis antiseptik terstandar berbasis SNI: EN 1040:2005 membuktikan bahwa minyak pala memenuhi persyaratan sebagai antiseptik karena mampu mereduksi densitas bakteri lebih dari 5log10 konsentrasi S. aureus [ATCC 6538] setelah kontak selama 1 menit. Data penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak pala berpotensi digunakan sebagai agen antimikrob dan bahan aktif penyusun produk antiseptik.
       
      Pathogenic bacterial infection is one of the leading causes of mortality worlwide. Essential oil-based antiseptic is needed to prevent pathogenic infection. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their antiseptic potential. The essential oils used were clove oil, patchouli oil, citronella oil, ginger oil, and nutmeg oil. These oils had various antibacterial activities with inhibition zones ranging from 0.3 cm – 1.2 cm against Escherichia coli [ATCC 8739], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 15442], and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538], as tested by agar diffusion method. Nutmeg oil had the largest inhibition zone against of three targeted bacteria. Supporting this result, cell viability test showed nutmeg oil in concentraion of 500 ppm and 1000 ppm could inhibit the growth S. aureus [ATCC 6538] up to 62% and 100%, respectively. Analysis of standardized antiseptic based on SNI: EN 1040:2005 proved that nutmeg oil can be used as antiseptic candidate because it was able to reduce the S. aureus [ATCC 6538] more than 5log10 after contact for 1 minute. Our data indicate nutmeg oil can potentially to be applied as an antimicrobial agent and an ingredient of antiseptic products.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/108642
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