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      Analisis Keberlanjutan serta Pengaruh Surat Berharga Negara dan Faktor Lainnya terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Gladiola, Syadza
      Juanda, Bambang
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      Abstract
      Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) Indonesia sering kali berada pada posisi defisit yang disebabkan oleh banyaknya kebutuhan dasar dan pembangunan insfastruktur yang harus dibiayai. Pengeluaran tersebut diharapkan dapat menstimulasi pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Untuk menutupi defisit tersebut, pemerintah harus mencari sumber pembiayaan tambahan salah satunya melalui utang dengan instrumen Surat Berharga Negara (SBN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh SBN dan faktor lainnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui belanja pemerintah serta kondisi keberlanjutan SBN di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada variabel SBN sebagai sumber pembiayaan dalam bentuk utang yang lebih dominan dibandingkan instrumen utang lainnya. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data times series pada periode 2004-2019. Variabel belanja pemerintah yang dikaji pada penelitian ini diantaranya belanja modal, belanja pegawai, belanja subsidi dan belanja transfer ke daerah dan dana desa (TKDD). Untuk mengestimasi pertumbuhan ekonomi, variabel yang digunakan adalah Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Sedangkan untuk melihat kondisi keberlanjutan SBN di Indonesia, variabel yang digunakan adalah keseimbangan primer. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif dan kuantitatif menggunakan model persamaan simultan dengan metode Two Stage Least Square (TSLS) dan model persamaan regresi linear dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa SBN berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap belanja modal dan TKDD sedangkan negatif signifikan terhadap belanja subsidi. Lalu jenis belanja pemerintah yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia secara positif dan signifikan adalah belanja modal dan belanja subsidi. Hasil analisis pada kondisi keberlanjutan SBN di Indonesia juga memperlihatkan adanya pengaruh positif dari variabel SBN terhadap keseimbangan primer. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa keadaan SBN di Indonesia menuju ke arah yang berkelanjutan karena peningkatan SBN diikuti dengan peningkatan keseimbangan primer.
       
      Indonesia's State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) is often in a deficit position due to the large number of basic needs and infrastructure development that must be financed. This expenditure is expected to stimulate economic growth in Indonesia. To cover the deficit, the government must look for additional financing sources, one of which is through debt with government securities (SBN) instruments. This study aims to analyze the effect of SBN and other factors on economic growth through government spending and the condition of SBN sustainability in Indonesia. This study focuses on the SBN variable as a source of financing in the form of debt which is more dominant than other debt instruments. The data used in this study is times series data for the period 2004-2019. The government expenditure variables studied in this study include capital expenditures, employee expenditures, subsidy expenditures and transfer expenditures to regions and village funds (TKDD). To estimate economic growth, the variable used is Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Meanwhile, to see the condition of SBN sustainability in Indonesia, the variable used is the primary balance. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive and quantitative using the simultaneous equation model with the Two Stage Least Square (TSLS) method and the linear regression equation model with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of data analysis show that SBN has a significant positive effect on capital expenditure and TKDD, while a significant negative effect on subsidy expenditure. Then the types of government spending that positively and significantly affect Indonesia's economic growth are capital expenditures and subsidy expenditures. The results of the analysis on the condition of SBN sustainability in Indonesia also show that there is a positive effect of the SBN variable on the primary balance. This shows that the state of SBN in Indonesia is heading towards a sustainable direction because the increase in SBN is followed by an increase in the primary balance.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107441
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3211]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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