Kombinasi Pupuk Kandang dan NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan, Fotosintesis, Klorofil serta Kandungan Gula pada Tanaman Gandarusa

Abstract

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. F.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional di Indonesia. Budidaya yang tepat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan biomassa tanaman gandarusa. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan metode budidaya untuk meningkatkan biomassa melalui pemupukan serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan, fotosintesis, kandungan klorofil dan kandungan gula pada tanaman gandarusa. Penelitian menggunakan enam kelompok perlakuan, yaiu kontrol berupa media tanah (T1). pupuk kandang (T2), pupuk NPK (T3), 50% pupuk kandang dan 50% pupuk NPK (T4), 50% pupuk kandang dan 10% pupuk NPK (T5), serta 50% pupuk NPK dan 10% pupuk kandang (T6). Parameter pengamatan pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang dan bobot tanaman, sementara parameter fotosintesis yaitu laju fotosintesis, konduktivitas stomata, kandungan CO2 intraseluler dan laju transpirasi. Kandungan klorofil dan gula masing-masing ditentukan dengan persamaan Arnon’s dan metode fenol-asam sulfat. Secara keseluruhan, perlakuan kombinasi 50% pupuk kandang dan 10% pupuk NPK merupakan perlakuan yang paling baik karena menghasilkan biomassa tanaman gandarusa tertinggi.

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. F.) is one of the plants that are being used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. Proper cultivation is needed to increase the biomass of gandarusa. The research aims to determine the best cultivation method to increase biomass through fertilization and its effect on growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and sugar content in gandarusa. The research used six treatment groups, namely control in the form of soil media (T1), manure (T2), NPK fertilizer (T3), 50% manure and 50% NPK fertilizer (T4), 50% manure and 10% NPK fertilizer (T5), as well as 50% NPK fertilizer and 10% manure. Growth observation parameters included plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and plant weight, while photosynthetic parameters were photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductivity, intracellular CO2 content and transpiration rate. The content of chlorophyll and sugar were determined by Arnon's equation and the phenol-sulfuric acid method, respectively. Overall, the combination of 50% manure and 10% NPK fertilizer was the best cultivation method because it produced the highest amount of gandarusa biomass.