dc.contributor.advisor | Iswantini, Dyah | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Kusmana, Cecep | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Nurhidayat, Novik | |
dc.contributor.author | Ghozali, Ali Aulia | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-04-23T02:54:39Z | |
dc.date.available | 2021-04-23T02:54:39Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/106639 | |
dc.description.abstract | Proses pemantauan senyawaan aromatik dan turunannya lazim dilakukan
menggunakan metode konvensional yang mengandalkan ekstraksi sampel
menggunakan solven. Proses analisis ini berpotensi menambah beban cemaran
lingkungan dengan adanya penggunaan solven-solven organik. Oleh sebab itu,
dicari alternatif pengukuran metode pengukuran lain yang dapat lebih mengurangi
konsumsi solven organik dalam proses analisisnya. Salah satu paradigma yang
dikembangkan dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan menerapkan prinsipprinsip
green analytical chemistry (GAC) dalam proses analisis. Dengan
pendekatan GAC telah dilakukan beberapa penelitian yang bertujuan mengevaluasi
bioreseptor yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bioreseptor biosensor. GAC adalah
paradigma baru dalam dunia kimia analitik yang turut memberikan porsi penilaian
dampak penggunaan suatu teknik pengukuran terhadap kualitas lingkungan hidup.
Diharapkan dengan adanya informasi baru tentang bioreseptor ini dapat membuka
peluang informasi baru pengembangan teknik biosensor ataupun beberapa hal yang
terkait dengan penggunaan bioreseptor.
Dalam penelitian ini digunakan dua macam bioreseptor, yakni enzim dan
biofilm bakteri. Kedua bioreseptor dibandingkan kinerja analitiknya. Enzim yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PQQ-GDH (Pirolokuinon-kuinon glukosa
dehidrogenase), sedangkan bakteri yang digunakan adalah Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus sciuri, dan Bacillus amyloliquifaciens. Pengamatan
menggunakan enzim PQQ-GDH sebagai bioamplifikasi sinyal elektrokimia pada
pengukuran katekol dan 1,2-dihidroksinaftalena, senyawaan model hasil degradasi
PAHs secara elektrokimia menunjukkan peningkatan sinyal dapat dilakukan.
Dengan demikian, enzim PQQ-GDH mampu berperan sebagai bioreseptor katekol
dan 1,2-dihidroksinaftalena. Namun, saat dilakukan pengukuran secara bersamaan,
terjadi distorsi sinyal yang mana efek dari 1,2-dihidroksinaftalena bersifat lebih
kuat dan menetap. Akibatnya kinerja enzim GDH dan proses pengukuran menjadi
sulit dilakukan kembali. Kedua senyawa ini memberikan respon potensial reduksi
yang berbeda, sehingga mudah terbedakan pada profil voltametri.
Selain itu, mikrob hasil isolasi dari limbah minyak juga diteliti. Tiga isolat
bakteri yang telah teridentifikasi sebelumnya yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini
yaitu: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus sciuri, dan Bacillus
amyloliquifaciens. Berdasarkan pengamatan aktivitas degradasinya ketiga isolat
bakteri ini mampu mendegradasi senyawaan hidrofobik. Dan terpantau mudah
Khusus pada pengamatan terhadap degradasi naftalena dan antrasena, diperlukan
waktu selama 10 hari dengan kemampuan degradasi sekitar 70-80% pada media
tanah steril dengan pengayaan berupa media garam mineral.
Uji keberadaan enzim putatif oksigenase (NDO, naftalena dioksigenase;
CAT23, katekol 2,3-dioksigenase) telah diupayakan, namun hasilnya belum
vi
memuaskan. Amplifikasi gen putatif hanya terjadi pada P. aeruginosa dan S. sciuri
untuk enzim CAT23. Namun hasil uji balik secara in silico menunjukkan adanya
perbedaan yang cukup signifikan antara hasil amplifikasi dengan target gen putatif
pengkode enzim oksigenase. Isolat bakteri dibentuk dalam bentuk biofilm dengan
film agarosa 1% yang ditumbuhkan pada SPCE, untuk mendeteksi beberapa
senyawa turunan aromatik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kinerja analitik yang
cukup memadai, namun masih memiliki kekurangan mendasar di proses fabrikasi
yang belum konsisten.
Konsep GAC adalah suatu konsep yang baru dikembangkan, sebagai salah
satu penyokong konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan (Agenda 20). GAC adalah
turunan konsep green chemistry yang mana merupakan faktor komponen
penyokong dari aspek teknologi untuk perbaikan kualitas ekologi. Secara umum,
konsep GAC sudah semakin banyak diterapkan dalam laporan-laporan jurnal ilmiah.
Namun, secara garis besar terdapat beberapa kendala dan tantangan yang perlu
dihadapi praktisi pengembangan metodologi pengukuran. Salah satu faktor yang
penting diperhatikan adalah trade off antara kekuatan kinerja analitik terhadap
kualitas komponen penyusun metode. Hal yang sama juga ditemukan dalam
penelitian ini, yakni biosensor enzim dan biofilm. Keduanya masih memiliki
kelemahan di wilayah kinerja analitik dan ketegaran kekuatan metode terhadap
bahan uji. Pengembangan teknologi di masa depan masih perlu memperkuat dan
meningkatkan ketegaran dan kinerja analitik biosensor tersebut. | id |
dc.description.abstract | The process of monitoring aromatic compounds and their derivatives is
commonly carried out using conventional methods that rely on sample extraction
using solvents. This analysis process has the potential to increase the environmental
pollution load by using organic solvents. Therefore, an alternative measurement is
sought for other measurement methods that can further reduce the consumption of
organic solvents in the analysis process. One of the paradigms developed in
overcoming this problem is by applying the principles of green analytical chemistry
(GAC) in the analysis process. With the GAC approach, several studies have been
carried out aimed at evaluating the potential bioreceptors used as biosensor
bioreceptors. GAC is a new paradigm in the world of analytical chemistry that also
provides a portion of the impact assessment of using a measurement technique on
environmental quality. It is hoped that this new information about bioreceptors can
open up new information opportunities for the development of biosensor techniques
or several things related to the use of bioreceptors.
In this study, two kinds of bioreceptors were used, namely enzymes and
bacterial biofilms. The two bioreceptors were compared for their analytic
performance. The enzymes used in this study were PQQ-GDH (pyroloquinonequinone
glucose dehydrogenase), while the bacteria used were Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Bacillus amyloliquifaciens. Observations
using the PQQ-GDH enzyme as a bioamplification of electrochemical signals on
catechol measurements and 1,2-dihydroxinaphthalene, a model compound of PAHs
degradation by electrochemistry showed that signal enhancement can be done. Thus,
the PQQ-GDH enzyme is able to act as a catechol and 1,2-dihydroxinaphthalene
bioreceptor. However, when the measurements were taken simultaneously, there
was a distortion of the signal which the effect of 1,2-dihydroxinaphthalene was
stronger and persistent. As the result, the performance of the GDH enzyme and the
measurement process becomes difficult to redo again. These two compounds give
different response potentials, so that they are easily distinguished on the
voltammetric profile.In addition, microbes isolated from waste oil were also studied.
Three previously identified bacterial isolates were used in this study: Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Bacillus amyloliquifaciens. Based on the
observation of the degradation activity of the three bacterial isolates, they were able
to degrade hydrophobic compounds. Especially on the observation of the
degradation of naphthalene and anthracene, it takes 10 days with the ability to
degrade around 70-80% in sterile soil media enriched with mineral salt media.
Tests for the presence of putative oxygenase enzymes (NDO, naphthalene
dioxygenase; CAT23, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) had been attempted, yet the results
had not been satisfactory. Putative gene amplification only occurred in P.
aeruginosa and S. sciuri for the CAT23 enzyme. However, the back test results in
silico showed a significant difference between the amplification results and the
viii
putative gene targeting oxygenase enzyme. Bacterial isolates were formed in the
form of biofilms with 1% agarose film grown on SPCE, to detect several aromatic
derivatives. The observations showed that the analytical performance was quite
adequate, but it still has fundamental flaws in the inconsistent fabrication process.
The GAC concept is a newly developed concept, as one of the supporters of
the concept of sustainable development (Agenda 20). GAC is a derivative of the
green chemistry concept, which is a supporting component of the technology aspect
for improving ecological quality. In general, the GAC concept has been
increasingly applied in scientific journal reports. However, in general, there are
several obstacles and challenges that need to be faced by practitioners of
measurement methodology development. One important factor to consider is the
trade off between the strength of the analytic performance and the quality of the
components of the method. The same thing was also found in this study, namely
enzyme biosensors and biofilms. Both of them still have weaknesses in the area of
analytic performance and the robustness of the method against the test material.
Future technological developments still need to strengthen and improve the
robustness and analytic performance of these biosensors. | id |
dc.description.sponsorship | DIKTI melalui skema beasiswa PMDSU | id |
dc.language.iso | id | id |
dc.publisher | IPB University | id |
dc.title | Konsep Green Analytical Chemistry: Pengukuran Senyawaan Hasil Degradasi Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) secara Elektrokimia | id |
dc.title.alternative | Green Analytical Chemistry Concept: Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Degradation Componds Electrochemically | id |
dc.type | Dissertation | id |
dc.subject.keyword | anthracene | id |
dc.subject.keyword | catechol | id |
dc.subject.keyword | cyclic voltammetry | id |
dc.subject.keyword | GDH enzyme | id |
dc.subject.keyword | linear sweep voltammetry | id |
dc.subject.keyword | naphthalene | id |
dc.subject.keyword | PCR | id |
dc.subject.keyword | oxygenase | id |
dc.subject.keyword | phenol | id |
dc.subject.keyword | Staphylococcus sciuri | id |
dc.subject.keyword | 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene | id |