Penyediaan Bahan Baku Industri Pengolahan Ikan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman Jakarta

Abstract

The large medium-scale fish processing industry in Nizam Zachman Jakarta Ocean Fishing Port has low utility with reduced production frequency, the number of working days, and declining export volume. According to the information, the low utility of the industry is caused by a shortage of raw materials supply which is characterized by industry complaints related to the high price of fish caught in Muara Baru. In reality, the data shows that the volume of production and potential of fish resources is increasing. Based on these facts and information, the low utility of the Fish Processing Unit (UPI) appears not to be due to the lack of availability of grounded fish, but by other reasons that have not been identified. The initial allegation is that there are certain problems in the managerial provision of raw materials, where the processing industry must consider various factors in determining the decision to purchase raw materials. This research aims to identify the processes and mechanisms of production planning and procurement of raw materials, identify problems that occur at every stage in the raw material procurement process and develop recommendations for strategies to improve the utility of the processing industry. This research is a case study of four fish freezing companies in the form of limited liability companies with the purpose of EU exports. In-depth observations and interviews were conducted with respondents and the data were analyzed with qualitatively to describe conditions and problems. Based on the analysis of problems, then conduct literature studies (literature, theory, research results) related to problem solutions. Problem-solving that is likely to be implemented according to the company's capabilities is then formulated into a recommendation strategy to improve the utility of the fish processing industry. The results of the present study showed that there were problems in production planning and purchasing raw materials. Factors that influence the decision-making of the purchase of raw materials are the dynamics of buyer's country demand, negotiated price agreement, and completeness of quality requirements. Based on the problems faced, the recommendations of short-term policies that can be done by UPI are looking for new potential markets, making employee arrangements, and proposing that the complementary authority require quality certification in fish in suppliers. Besides, long-term recommendations that can be made by UPI are active promotion to potential buyer countries, reviewing integrated quality control systems, and employee recruitment.

Industri pengolahan ikan skala menengah besar di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman Jakarta memiliki utilitas rendah dengan berkurangnya frekuensi produksi, jumlah hari kerja dan menurunnya volume ekspor. Menurut informasi rendahnya utilitas industri disebabkan oleh kekurangan pasokan bahan baku yang ditandai dengan adanya keluhan industri terkait tingginya harga ikan hasil tangkapan ikan di Muara Baru. Pada kenyataannya data menunjukkan bahwa volume produksi dan potensi sumber daya ikan meningkat. Berdasarkan fakta dan informasi tersebut utilitas Unit Pengolahan Ikan (UPI) yang rendah nampaknya bukan disebabkan oleh kurangnya ketersediaan ikan yang didaratkan, tetapi oleh sebab sebab lain yang belum teridentifikasi. Dugaan awal adalah adanya permasalahan tertentu pada manajerial penyediaan bahan baku, dimana industri pengolahan harus mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor dalam menentukan keputusan pembelian bahan baku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi proses dan mekanisme perencanaan produksi dan pengadaan bahan baku, mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang terjadi di setiap tahapan dalam proses pengadaan bahan baku dan menyusun rekomendasi strategi peningkatan utilitas industri pengolahan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus terhadap empat perusahaan pembekuan ikan bentuk badan usaha perseroan terbatas dengan tujuan ekspor Uni Eropa. Observasi dan wawancara mendalam dilakukan kepada responden dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menggambarkan kondisi dan permasalahan. Berdasarkan analisis permasalahan, selanjutnya melakukan studi pustaka (literature, teori, hasil penelitian) yang berkaitan dengan solusi permasalahan. Pemecahan masalah yang berpeluang besar diimplementasikan sesuai kemampuan perusahaan kemudian dirumuskan menjadi rekomendasi strategi peningkatan utilitas industri pengolahan ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat permasalahan pada perencanaan produksi dan pembelian bahan baku. Faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi pengambilan keputusan pembelian bahan baku adalah dinamika permintaan negara buyer, kesepakatan harga negosiasi dan kelengkapan persyaratan mutu. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dihadapai maka rekomendasi kebijakan jangka pendek yang dapat dilakukan oleh UPI adalah: mencari pasar potensial baru, melakukan pengaturan pegawai dan mengusulkan agar otoritas kompeten mewajibkan sertifikasi mutu pada ikan di supplier. Selain itu, rekomendasi jangka panjang yang dapat dilakukan UPI adalah: promosi aktif ke negara pembeli potensial, mengkaji sistem pengendalian mutu terintegerasi dan rekrutmen pegawai.