Uji Antagonisme Cendawan Endofit Asal Tumbuhan Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) Secara in vitro

Abstract

ISHMAH AFIAH. In Vitro Antagonistic Assay of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Supervised by SRI LISTIYOWATI and TRIADIATI.

Endophytic fungi are reported capable of effectively inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi. Utilization of endophytic fungi as an environmentally friendly biological control agent still needs to be done. This study aimed to test the in vitro antagonism ability of the endophytic fungi from Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) and analyzed the types of interactions and their inhibitory mechanisms. Antagonism test was performed by pairing the endophytic fungi and Foc using dual culture methods. The control was made without the addition of endophytic fungi as the antagonisms. Analysis of percentage inhibition (DH) and growth rate of radial mycelia Foc was performed using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that the isolate PM 1A2.4 has a moderate inhibitory ability (DH 41.58%), with slight inhibition type of interaction exhibited and probably perform antibiosis mechanism. The isolate PM 2A2.3 has a very weak inhibitory ability (DH 10.76%), indicated by the Foc mycelia grew through (overgrowing) the mycelia of endophytic fungi. Similarly, with the isolate PM 2A2.4 against the Foc (DH 19.68%), the Foc mycelia grew around part of the mycelia of endophytic fungi. The interaction of the two endophytic fungi against Foc was competitive. The Foc hyphae paired with the isolate PM 1A2.4 and PM 2A2.3 showed vacuolization, whereas with the isolate PM 2A2.4 there was no difference with control. The endophytic fungi of P. microphylla had various antagonistic activity against Foc.

Keywords: antibiosis, competition, dual culture, inhibition, vacuolization

Cendawan endofit dilaporkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen tanaman secara efektif. Pemanfaatan cendawan endofit sebagai agen pengendalian hayati yang ramah lingkungan di bidang pertanian masih perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kemampuan antagonisme cendawan endofit asal tumbuhan Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm terhadap cendawan patogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) secara in vitro dan menganalisis tipe interaksi serta mekanisme penghambatannya. Uji antagonisme dilakukan dengan memasangkan cendawan endofit dan Foc menggunakan metode kultur ganda. Kontrol dibuat tanpa penambahan cendawan endofit sebagai antagonisnya. Analisis persentase daya hambat (DH) dan rata-rata pertumbuhan miselia radial Foc dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan isolat PM 1A2.4 memiliki kemampuan hambat sedang (DH 41,58%), dengan tipe interaksi slight inhibition yang diduga melalui mekanisme antibiosis. Isolat PM 2A2.3 memiliki kemampuan hambat sangat lemah (DH 10,76%), sehingga tampak miselium Foc tumbuh melewati (overgrowing) miselium cendawan endofit. Demikian juga isolat PM 2A2.4 terhadap Foc (DH 19,68%), miselium Foc tumbuh mengelilingi (growth around) sebagian sisi miselium cendawan endofit. Interaksi kedua cendawan endofit tersebut terhadap Foc bersifat kompetisi. Hifa Foc yang dipasangkan dengan isolat PM 1A2.4 dan PM 2A2.3 mengalami vakuolisasi, sedangkan isolat PM 2A2.4 tidak ada perbedaan dengan kontrol. Cendawan endofit asal tumbuhan P. microphylla memiliki kemampuan antagonisme yang bervariasi terhadap Foc. Kata kunci: antibiosis, daya hambat, kompetisi, kultur ganda, vakuolisasi

Endophytic fungi are reported capable of effectively inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi. Utilization of endophytic fungi as an environmentally friendly biological control agent still needs to be done. This study aimed to test the in vitro antagonism ability of the endophytic fungi from Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) and analyzed the types of interactions and their inhibitory mechanisms. Antagonism test was performed by pairing the endophytic fungi and Foc using dual culture methods. The control was made without the addition of endophytic fungi as the antagonisms. Analysis of percentage inhibition (DH) and growth rate of radial mycelia Foc was performed using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that the isolate PM 1A2.4 has a moderate inhibitory ability (DH 41.58%), with slight inhibition type of interaction exhibited and probably perform antibiosis mechanism. The isolate PM 2A2.3 has a very weak inhibitory ability (DH 10.76%), indicated by the Foc mycelia grew through (overgrowing) the mycelia of endophytic fungi. Similarly, with the isolate PM 2A2.4 against the Foc (DH 19.68%), the Foc mycelia grew around part of the mycelia of endophytic fungi. The interaction of the two endophytic fungi against Foc was competitive. The Foc hyphae paired with the isolate PM 1A2.4 and PM 2A2.3 showed vacuolization, whereas with the isolate PM 2A2.4 there was no difference with control. The endophytic fungi of P. microphylla had various antagonistic activity against Foc. Keywords: antibiosis, competition, dual culture, inhibition, vacuolization