dc.contributor.advisor | Jusadi, Dedi | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Setiawati, Mia | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Fauzi, Ichsan Ahmad | |
dc.contributor.author | Rahmat, Ismail | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-03-19T03:56:25Z | |
dc.date.available | 2021-03-19T03:56:25Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/106336 | |
dc.description.abstract | RINGKASAN
ISMAIL RAHMAT. Evaluasi Penambahan Glutamin pada Pakan terhadap Struktur
dan Fungsi Usus serta Kinerja Produksi Benih Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus).
Dimbimbing oleh DEDI JUSADI, MIA SETIAWATI, dan ICHSAN ACHMAD
FAUZI.
Pendederan ikan lele Clarias gariepinus merupakan salah satu segmen
usaha yang menunjang keberhasilan usaha pembesaran. Permasalahan yang sering
dijumpai dalam proses pendederan adalah beragamnya ukuran benih yang
dihasilkan. Pada akhir fase pemeliharaan, biasanya benih lele yang dipanen
memiliki lebih dari 3 kriteria ukuran panjang. Beragamnya ukuran benih lele diduga
akibat dari kurang optimalnya penyerapan nutrien pada usus ikan serta persaingan
dalam konsumsi pakan akibat padat tebar yang tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk
mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan glutaimn bebas (Gln) pada pakan terhadap
struktur dan fungsi usus, serta kinerja pertumbuhan benih ikan lele
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Percobaan
terdiri atas empat perlakuan pakan yang ditambahkan Gln dengan tiga ulangan.
Pakan uji yang digunakan adalah pakan buatan komersial (PF 500) dengan
penambahan Gln dosis 0,0%, 0,7%, 1,4% dan 2,1%. Benih ikan lele berumur dua
minggu dengan ukuran 2,22±0,14cm dan berat 0,09±0,02g dipelihara pada wadah
akuarium berukuran 50x50x40 cm sebanyak 12 unit. Ikan ditebar sebanyak 200
ekor dalam setiap akuarium dan diberi pakan uji dengan frekuensi tiga kali sehari
selama 30 hari secara at satiation. Proses ganti air dilakukan selama tiga hari sekali
sebesar 20%. Kondisi kualitas air selama pemeliharaan meliputi DO yaitu 5,09
mgL-1
, suhu 26-28 0C dan pH 7,46. Parameter uji yang diamati meliputi bobot akhir
ikan, bobot biomasa akhir ikan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, jumlah konsumsi pakan,
retensi protein, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, efisiensi pakan dan sebaran ukuran
ikan. Kinerja usus (aktivitas enzim protease dan morfologi usus), aktivitas
superoksida dismutase (SOD) dan malondialdehid (MDA) hati dan glutamin hati
juga diukur pada penelitian ini.
Penambahan Glutamin pada pakan cenderung meningkatkan kandungan
glutamin pada hati ikan lele. Konsentrasi glutamin pada hati ikan menunjukkan
glutamin diserap dengan baik oleh ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
penambahan Gln 0,7% berpengaruh pada nilai biomasa, laju pertumbuhan harian,
retensi protein, serta efisiensi pakan ikan lele. Efisiensi pakan pada ke empat
perlakuan memiliki pola yang sama yakni meningkat pada perlakuan Gln 0,7%
kemudian turun kembali pada perlakuan Gln 1,4%. Berdasarkan kurva respon
pertumbuhan diketahui bahwa penambahan Gln 0,76% merupakan dosis optimal
yang memberikan biomasa maksimal. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan
ikan antar perlakuan, jumlah konsumsi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan di
seluruh perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata.
Pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi pada perlakuan Gln 0,7% berkaitan dengan
vili usus, retensi protein serta efisiensi pakan yang juga tinggi. Penambahan Gln
0,7% secara nyata mampu meningkatkan tinggi vili usus ikan lele dibandingkan
dengan perlakuan Gln 0,0%. Pada penelitian ini, penambahan Gln memberikan
hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata pada basal vili, luas vili, rasio panjang usus dengan
panjang tubuh, serta diameter vili. Peningkatan asupan Gln pada pakan juga menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas enzim protease usus. Penambahan Gln sampai
1,4% menghasilkan aktivitas enzim protease lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan
lainnya. Konsumsi pakan yang ditambah Gln tidak memberi peningkatan aktivitas
antioksidasi pada benih ikan lele, ditunjukkan dengan nilai SOD dan MDA yang
tidak berbeda nyata pada semua perlakuan.
Distribusi ukuran panjang ikan pada semua perlakuan didominasi
kelompok ukuran 5-6 cm. Perlakuan Gln 0,7% menghasilkan ikan ukuran 5-6 cm
dengan jumlah terkecil, sedangkan tertinggi pada perlakuan Gln 2,1%. Distribusi
ukuran terbanyak berikutnya yaitu kelompok ukuran 7-8 cm. Pada kelompok 7-8
cm, distribusi tertinggi ada di perlakuan Gln 0,7%, yakni 32.59 ±14.18%. Ukuran
7-8cm merupakan ukuran benih ikan lele yang diminati pasar karena dianggap siap
untuk ditebar pada kegiatan pembesaran. Ikan dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil
belum banyak diminati karena memerlukan waktu pemeliharaan yang lebih lama
serta resiko kematian yang lebih tinggi. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat
disimpulkan bahwa penambahan Gln 0,7% pada pakan dapat meningkatkan
struktur dan fungsi usus serta kinerja produksi ikan lele dicirikan dengan
peningkatan jumlah ikan lele berukuran 7-8 cm..
Kata Kunci : benih lele, glutamin bebas, kinerja produksi, ukuran ikan | id |
dc.description.abstract | SUMMARY
ISMAIL RAHMAT. Evaluation of Glutamine Supplementation in Feed in The
Intestinal Structure and Function, and Production Performance of Catfish (Clarias
gariepinus) Seeds. Supervised by DEDI JUSADI, MIA SETIAWATI, and
ICHSAN ACHMAD FAUZI.
Catfish Clarias gariepinus seed rearing is a business segment that supports
the success of the catfish grow-out rearing segment. The problem in the seed
rearing is the variety of the seed sizes. At the end of the rearing, the harvester
catfish seeds have more than 3 length criteria. The various sizes are thought to be
due to the less intestinal nutrien absorption of nutriens and feeding competition
due to high stocking density. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of free
glutamine (Gln) supplementation in feed in the intestinal structure and function,
and growth performance of the catfish seeds.
This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) containing four
Gln supplemented feed treatments and three replications. The commercial feed
(PF 500) used as the experimental feed was supplemented with 0.0%, 0.7%, 1.4%
and 2.1% Gln. The 2-week catfish seeds with the initial length of 2.22 ± 0.14 cm
and initial weight of 0.09 ± 0.02g were stocked in the 12 units of 50x50x40 cm3
aquarium. The 200 fish were stocked in each aquarium and fed the experimental
feed three times a day for 30 days to satiation. The water exchange was performed
every three days at 20%. The water quality during maintenance were remained
DO of 5.09 mgL-1
, temperature of 26-28C, and pH of 7,46. Observation
parameters include the final weight, final biomass weight, specific growth rate,
feed intake, protein retention, survival rate, feed efficiency, and fish size
distribution. The intestinal performance (protease enzyme activity and gut
morphology), hepatic superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (SOD), hepatic
malondialdehyde (MDA), and hepatic glutamine were also measured in this study.
The dietary supplementation of glutamine tends to increase the glutamine
content in the catfish liver. Glutamine concentration in fish liver indicates that
glutamine is well absorbed by the fish. The results showed that the 0.7% Gln
supplemented diet affected the biomass value, specific growth rate, protein
retention, and feed efficiency of catfish. Feed efficiency in four treatment groups
had the same pattern, namely, increasing at the 0.7% Gln, and then decreasing at
the 1.4% Gln. Based on the growth response curve, the 0.76% Gln is the optimal
dietary supplementation dose that provides the maximum biomass. Although
there were differences in fish growth among the treatment groups, the feed intake
and fish survival rate in all treatment groups were insignificantly different.
Higher growth in the 0.7% Gln treatment group was associated with high
intestinal villi, protein retention, and feed efficiency. The 0.7% Gln dietary
supplementation could significantly increase the intestinal villi height of catfish
compared to 0.0% Gln treatment. In this study, the dietary supplementation of Gln
obtained an insignificant difference in basal villi, villi area, intestinal length to
body length ratio, and villi diameter. Increased dietary supplementation intake of
Gln also caused an intestinal protease enzyme activity improvement. The dietary
supplementation of 1.4% Gln resulted in a higher protease activity than the other
treatment groups. The feed intake of Gln supplemented diets did not increase the antioxidant activity of catfish seeds, identified from the SOD and MDA values
which were insignificantly different in all treatment groups.
The distribution of fish length in all treatments was dominated by the 5-6
cm size group. The 0.7% Gln treatment group produced the smallest number of 5-
6 cm size, while the highest treatment was obtained from the 2.1% Gln treatment
group. The next largest size distribution was the 7-8 cm size group. In the 7-8 cm
size group, the highest distribution was in the 0.7% Gln treatment group, namely,
32.59 ± 14.18%. The 7-8 cm size group is the market demanded size of catfish
seeds because of being considered as the proposed stocked seeds for rearing
activities. Fish with smaller size has low demand due to requiring a longer rearing
period and a higher mortality risk. Based on this study, it can be concluded that
the dietary supplementation of 0.7% Gln can improve the structure and function
of the intestines and increase the catfish production performance characterized by
an increase the number of catfish measuring 7-8 cm.
Keyword : catfish seeds, fish size, free glutamine, production performance | id |
dc.language.iso | id | id |
dc.publisher | IPB University | id |
dc.title | Evaluasi Penambahan Glutamin pada Pakan terhadap Struktur dan Fungsi Usus serta Kinerja Produksi Benih Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus). | id |
dc.title.alternative | Evaluation of Glutamine Supplementation in Feed in The Intestinal Structure and Function, and Production Performance of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) | id |
dc.type | Thesis | id |
dc.subject.keyword | benih lele | id |
dc.subject.keyword | glutamin bebas | id |
dc.subject.keyword | kinerja produksi | id |
dc.subject.keyword | ukuran ikan | id |