Struktur Komunitas Invertebrata Laut di Kolom dan Sedimen dengan Menggunakan Teknik Environmental DNA (eDNA) Metabarcoding di Kawasan Terumbu Karang Raja Ampat

Abstract

Invertebrate biodiversity monitoring activities carried out conventionally using direct fishing techniques and identification will be difficult, costly, time-consuming and can cause damage to the environment and communities. Previous studies related to biodiversity surveys of benthic invertebrate larvae have been carried out conventionally but it is difficult to identify them at the species level and only at the genus or family level. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a molecular biology technique that has developed rapidly because this technique has been successfully applied as a survey method for new aquatic organisms in aquatic ecosystem research and biomonitoring programs and management on a large scale. This study aims to determine the structure community using the eDNA metabarcoding technique by comparing the water and sediment columns at the protected reefs of Raja Ampat, Indonesia. A total of 66 eDNA samples was collected from water and sediment columns. The sample extraction process was carried out using a protocol from the commercial Kit NucleoSpinTM Macherey-Nagel and followed by a PCR process using universal eukaryote primers targeting the 18S gene then sequencing using the Illumina Miseq technique. The order of the taxonomy is done using QIIME2 software and the SILVA database. This study succeeded in detecting 13 species of invertebrates in the water column and 9 species of sediment using NMDS statistical test with a distance matrix Bray-Curtis similarity and Andonis test showed , the number of sequence readings in the water column and sediment was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Shannon Wiener Index (H ') showed the low to moderate category (1 <H' <3), and not significant different revealed for the No-take zone, utility zone and open access zone the Kruskal-Wallis test, (p > 0.05). Simpson's (D) index ranges from 0.12 -1. SIMPER analysis on the water column of the species that has the highest percentage contribution, namely Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (34.05%) and Littorina littorea (54.21%)