Strategi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Industri Pengolahan Ikan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Belawan
Abstract
Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Belawan merupakan pusat pengembangan industri penangkapan ikan dan pengolahan ikan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Terdapat 25 industri pengolahan ikan di PPS Belawan yang terus berkembang. Bahan baku industri pengolahan ikan dipasok dari dalam dan luar pelabuhan. Namun, produksi ikan di PPS Belawan mengalami penurunan 5 tahun terakhir sehingga menyebabkan bahan baku industri pengolahan ikan tidak sepenuhnya terpenuhi oleh PPS Belawan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengestimasi kebutuhan industri pengolahan ikan di PPS Belawan; (2) mengidentifikasi asal ikan dan mengestimasi persediaan ikan di PPS Belawan; (3) merumuskan strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan industri pengolahan ikan di PPS Belawan.
Estimasi kebutuhan industri pengolahan ikan diperoleh dari kapasitas terpasang industri pengolahan ikan berdasarkan informasi yang diberikan pihak industri pengolahan ikan ketika melakukan wawancara. Informasi tersebut diolah menggunakan Microsoft excel. Informasi asal ikan diperoleh dari industri pengolahan ikan. Estimasi persediaan ikan diperoleh melalui wawancara ke kapal- kapal ikan yang ada di PPS Belawan, lalu diolah menggunakan Microsoft excel. Setiap informasi tersebut menjadi acuan dalam pembuatan strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan industri pengolahan ikan.
Estimasi kebutuhan industri pengolahan ikan di PPS Belawan sebesar 85.714 ton. Asal ikan yang masuk ke industri pengolahan berasal dari dalam pelabuhan berupa tangkahan-tangkahan yang ada di PPS Belawan dan luar pelabuhan seperti dari Aceh, Sibolga, Padang, Tanjung Balai dan Batu Bara. Bahan baku industri yang dipasok dari luar pelabuhan sebesar 32.268 ton. Sementara itu, persediaan ikan dari dalam PPS Belawan sebesar 28.709 ton. Namun, bahan baku yang dipasok ke industri pengolahan ikan sebesar 22.161 ton dan sisanya sebesar 6.458 ton dipasok ke pasar lokal dalam bentuk segar. Tingkat pemenuhan kebutuhan industri pengolahan ikan sebesar 54.429 ton atau sekitar 63% dari total kebutuhan yang ada. Strategi dalam pemenuhan bahan baku tersebut adalah: 1) melakukan pengembangan fasilitas (cold storage) untuk menunjang persediaan bahan baku industri pengolahan ikan serta pemanfaatan SDM untuk mengembangkan nilai tambah terhadap ikan olahan, 2) melakukan kerjasama dengan pedagang ikan dari luar untuk memasok ikan ke PPS Belawan dalam menunjang ketersediaan ikan dan menjaga kestabilan harga bahan baku, serta melakukan konektivitas antar pelabuhan perikanan yang memliki sumber daya ikan yang melimpah, 3) menambah jumlah armada penangkapan ikan dan mendorong armada melakukan penangkapan ikan yang menjadi kebutuhan bahan baku industri pengolahan ikan,
4) meningkatkan keamanan Pelabuhan terhadap oknum yang menghambat akses bahan baku masuk ke industri pengolahan ikan dan pengalihan alat tangkap trawl ke purse seine atau alat tangkap lainnya yang beroperasi di PPS Belawan. Ocean Fishing Port of Belawan is development center of fish processing industry and fishing production in the North Sumatra Province. There are 25 fish processing industries in Ocean Fishing Port of Belawan which are developing. The fish raw materials of fish processing industry are supplied from inside and outside fishing port. However, fish production in Ocean Fishing port of Belawan decrease for 5 years recently, so it causes the fish raw materials of fish processing industry are not fulfilled from inside fishing port. So that, The objective of this study were:
(1) to estimate the need of fish processing industry, (2) to identify fish origin and estimate fish supply, (3) to formulize strategy to supply the need of fish processing industry.
The need estimation of fish processing industry was obtained from maximum capacity of industry based on information from employee of fish processing industry in interview. The information was processed in Microsoft excel. The information of fish origin was collected from fish processing industry. The fish supply estimation was obtained by interview to the fishing vessel in the port, then the information was processed in Microsoft excel. Each information became reference to formulize strategy to supply the need of fish processing industry.
The need estimation of fish processing industry was 85.714 ton/year. The fish origin that supplied fish processing industry were from fish landed inside fishing port, i.e. from tangkahan (private landing place) at the ocean fishing port of Belawan and outside fishing port like Aceh, Sibolga, Padang, Tanjung Balai, and Batu Bara. The fish supplied from outside port were 32.268 ton. While, the fish supply from inside port was 28.709 ton. However, the fish were supplied to the industry only as much as 22.161 ton, and as much as 6.458 ton fresh fish were supplied to local market. The supply rate of fish processing industry needs was
54.429 ton or 63% of need total.
The strategy to supply fish processing industry needs were (1) developing the port facilities (cold storage) to support the fish supply of fish processing industry, and utilization of human resources to develop added value to processed fish, (2) making collaboration with fish seller from outside port to supply fish to ocean fishing port of Belawan in supporting the supply fish and keeping stability of fish price, and creating coonection inter-port which had high fish resources, (3) increasing the number of fishing vessel and supporting them to catch fish that became industry needs (4) increasing the port security through individual that obstructed acces of raw material to industry, and switching trawl to purse seine or other fishing gears operated at ocean fishing port of Belawan .
Collections
- MT - Fisheries [2935]