Pengaruh peubah sosial ekonomi terhadap perubahan penggunaan dan penutupan Lahan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak

Abstract

Gunung Halimun Salak is one of national park in Indonesia, located in West Java and Banten Province. In 2003, government has expanded its area by more than 70000 hectares. It caused a lot of conflicts between local communities and national park officials. Many case studies showed that the local communities has used the natural resources for construction materials, fuel wood, medicine, food, cultural needs, forages, hunting, handicraft, gold mining, agriculture land, and settlement. There was clear evidence that in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, during 15 years period (1989-2004), forest cover area decreased by more than 25%. The objectives of the research are: 1) to identify socio-economic variables causing landuse and landcover change; 2) to estimate influence of key socio-economic variables; 3) to estimate the need of agricultural land and settlement for local communities; and 4) to estimate the direct benefit value of the national park. Selection of sampling location was used by stratified cluster sampling. Socio-economic data collected from interviews with 900 head of households which lived in 30 villages in and around the national park. The technique of data processing analysis were done using spatial analysis, descriptive analysis, linear regression analysis, population pressure analysis, and substitution and market price analysis. The result of analysis showed that the population growth, population density, land ownership, agricultural land and settlement expansion are the key variables that influenced landuse and landcover change. The need of agricultural land was 0.54 hectares per person, and the direct benefit value of the national park was more than IDR 237 billion per year.