Optimasi Pupuk Nitrogen, Fosfor, dan Kalium pada Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Belum Menghasilkan Umur Dua Tahun

Abstract

Fertilization is the one of the important factors to increase the vegetative growth of the two years old of oil palm. Fertilization can increase the availability of nutrition that needed by the plant. The one type of fertilizer that can be used as an alternative to improve soil fertility is single anorganic fertilizer. The purposes of this research were (1) to study the effect of N, P, K fertilizer on two years old plant of oil palm and (2) to determine the optimum rate of N, P, K fertilizer on two years old plant of oil palm. The researchs were conducted at IPB-Cargill Teaching Farm of Oil Palm, Jonggol, Bogor from April 2014 to March 2015. This research consisted of three experiment namely: (1) optimization of nitrogen fertilizer rate, there were five levels of N fertilizer rate: 0, 316, 632, 948, 1 264 g plant-1 year-1 (2) optimization of phosphorus fertilizer rate, there were five levels of phosphorus fertilizer rate: 0, 226, 453, 679, 905 g P2O5 plant-1 year-1, and (3) optimization of pottasium fertilizer rate, there were five levels of pottasium fertilizer rate: 0, 384, 768, 1 152, 1 536 g K2O plant-1 year-1. Each experimentations consisted of single factor using randomized block design with three replications. The result showed that nitrogen fertilizer increased quadratically plant height, frond production, stem girth, and number of stomata, but nitrogen fertilizer increased linierly leaf nutrient content. The optimum rate of nitrogen was 879 g N plant-1 year-1 for two years old of oil palm. Phosphorus fertilizer increased quadratically frond production, stem girth, leaf area of 17th frond, leaf chlorophyll, number of stomata, and phosphorus fertilizer increased linierly leaf nutrient content. The optimum rate of phosphorus was 604 g P2O5 plant-1 year-1 for two years old of oil palm. Pottasium fertilizer increased quadratically frond production, stem girth, leaf area of 17th frond, and number of stomata. The optimum rate of pottasium fertilizer was 972 g K2O plant-1 year-1 for two years old of oil palm.