| dc.description.abstract | Watermarking can change the coordinates of features in map vector. Fragile watermarking technique is implemented to maintain the authenticity of the map and determine which features have been changed. Fragile watermarking technique was developed to giving watermark to each map feature. Quality testing was conducted by calculating the coordinates of each point of distortion due to watermark embedding, and the coordinates of each point are projected to calculate the shift in the real world. Testing the integrity of a map of the attack is done by comparing the value of the stored watermark and regenerated watermark. The attacks is done by manipulating the map by moving, adding and deleting map coordinates. This technique produces distortion on a scale of 10-4 and 10-7 meters distortion in the real world, so it is very difficult to detect visually to scale 1:1 map. This technique gives an additional coordinate for embedding watermark so consequently is berkas size be increased. | en |
