Identifikasi Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Kuningan dan Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract

The development of wheat crops in Indonesia has been struggling to fulfill domestic needs which increase over time. Information about plant pest organisms which attack introduced (SO9) and IPB bred strain (Kasifbey) wheat is one of the main constraints to maintain production capacity of the wheat crops. Therefore, this research needs to be performed. The aim of this research is to find out information about the plant pest organisms on the SO9 and Kasifbey wheat. Observations on the crops have been conducted at the two places cultivation: in Leuwimalang village, Cisarua Subdistrict, Bogor District (705 m above sea surface) and in Cilimus village, Cilimus Subdistrict, Kuningan District (418 m above sea surface) West Java Province. Symptoms of the plant pest organisms which appear on the crops were observed. Subsequently, the extent and intensity of the pest attacks on the crops were quantified. Finally, the samples of the diseased crops and insects were identified at the laboratory using determination key identification. The insects which found on the wheat crops are some species of the Lepidoptera caterpillars and several species of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), species of Oxya sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Leptocorisa oratorius (Hemiptera: Alydidae), white grub larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and stem borer. Pathogens which are found on the wheat crops: Fusarium sp., Helminthosporium sp., Phoma sp., Curvularia sp., and Alternaria sp.. The dominant pest in each location are different. The Oxya sp. is a dominant pest in Kuningan and attacks 100% of the sample area of the SO9 and Kasifbey wheat crops. On the other hand, Mythymna unipuncta is a dominant pest in Cisarua with more than 50% attacked area. Diseases of the wheat crops at both location are mostly caused by the Helminthosporium sp. with 100% diseases incidence. The Kasifbey is more frequently attacked by insects and pathogens than the SO9.