Diversity of freshwater shrimp in several habitat, Jambi

Abstract

The freshwater shrimp can be found in Indonesia Indonesia is consisted of families Atyidae and Palaemonidae of the order Decapoda. The main barrier factors influencing the presence of freshwater shrimp include habitat characteristics and environmental quality in each habitat type. Jambi Province, including the areas with lowland tropical rainforest has the highest deforestation rate in the Asian region. Effects of changes in forest conversion to agricultural habitats will change the ecosystem conditions. It is thought to affect macroinvertebrate diversity therein. The purpose of this research is to study the diversity of the river freshwater shrimp found in oil palm plantation, rubber plantation, community forest and secondary forest in relation to the convertion of forest and to clarify the species through DNA barcoding. The shrimps were collected from two locations, i.e. Batanghari and Sarolangun Regencies. The collection of the freshwater shrimps were conducted in four habitat types, i.e oil palm plantation, rubber plantation, community forest, and secondary forest. The research locations were chosen purposively and continued road sampling. Samples were taken by using a hand net and fish trap. Specimens’ identification were based on Wowor et al. 2004 and Cai et al. 2007. The environmental factors observed velocity (m/second),depth (cm), brightness (cm), temperature (°C), pH and substrate type. To see the effect of forest conversion to the diversity freshwater shrimp were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric analysis continued with Multiple Comparisons. The relationship of the distribution of the freshwater shrimp were tested with Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Community structure were analysed with calculated diversity indexs, the eveness, and the similarity of habitats by using Primer 5 program. The study revealed six spesies of freshwater shrimp consisted of Macrobrachium malayanum, M. pilimanus, M. lanchesteri, Caridina malayensis, C. propinqua, C. excavatoides. Macrobrachium malayanum. Highest amount of diversity and evenness in Batanghari Regencies found in the oil palm plantation (H '= 0.934) and community forests (E = 0.934). Analysis of habitat similarities between habitats showed that oil palm and rubber plantations have similar habitat types, and different people in the forest habitat.... The freshwater shrimp diversity and eveness in Batanghari found high in the oil palm plantation (H’=1.148) and community forest (E=0.934). Analysis of habitat similarity between habitat oil palm plantations and rubber plantations have similar habitat type, and different in community forest. The freshwater shrimp diversity and eveness in Sarolangun found high in the secondary forest (H’=0.699) and community forest (E=0.6909). Analysis of habitat similarity between habitat community forest and rubber plantations have similar habitat type, while secondary forest habitat have similar with oil palm plantation. Based on the analysis of Canonical Analysis corespondance that environmental factors affecting the distribution of certain shrimp. This is shown in Batanghari Regencies , Macrobrachium lanchesteri distribution was affected by the altitude, width and pH. Caridina malayensis, C. excavatoides and C. propinqua distribution was affected by temperature and pH. Distribution of M. pilimanus and M. malayanum was affected by velocity and brightness. At the Sarolangun Regencies, distribution M. malayanum was affected by pH and temperature, while the distribution of M. lanchesteri was affected by pH and brightness. Based on the analysis of Multiple Comparisons test showed that conservation forest effect on diversity freshwater shrimp. At Batanghari regencies monoculture habitats there were no differences of diversity. In the Sarolangun Regencies non monoculture habitat and secondary forest more than of individuals in habitat rubber plantation and oil palm plantation, while habitat rubber plantation is not differsnt from the secondary forest habitat. DNA barcode Analysis of sample, ie Macrobrachium malayanum and M. pilimanus. Based on the results of the reconstruction phylogenetic tree of the sample M. malayanum1, M. pilimanus, M. latidactylus GU205069, M, FM malayanum 958 074, M. lar GU205064 become one group.

Udang air tawar yang bisa ditemukan di Indonesia terdiri atas suku Atydae dan Palaemonidae dari ordo Decapoda. Faktor pembatas utama yang mempengaruhi keberadaan udang air tawar yaitu karakteristik habitat dan faktor lingkungan pada masing-masing tipe habitat. Provinsi Jambi memiliki hutan hujan tropis dataran rendah yang mengalami deforestasi tercepat di daerah Asia. Efek dari perubahan alih fungsi hutan ke habitat pertanian akan mengubah kondisi ekosistem. Hal tersebutdiduga berpengaruh pada keanekaragaman makroinvertebrata didalamnya.