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Determinant factors of the products of velvet antlers of rusa timorensis (De Blainville 1822) in natural habitat and captivity

dc.contributor.advisorSantosa, Yanto
dc.contributor.advisorMasy'ud, Burhanuddin
dc.contributor.advisorToharmat, Toto
dc.contributor.authorSudibyo, Mufti
dc.date.accessioned2014-01-08T04:05:25Z
dc.date.available2014-01-08T04:05:25Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/66820
dc.description.abstractThe male Timor deer with their productive potentials have the characteristics of producing high quality of velvet antlers that can be harvested without killing which may be used as nutraceutical substances. The product criteria are based on the weight and length, and the quality is based on the contents of Ca, P, and amino acids. The two criterions may be influenced by places, internal and external physical conditions such as habitats and feed types. Therefore, the study was aiming at (1) Studying the spatial pattern or preferential habitat of Timor deer in Peucang island Ujung Kulon National Park (2) Identifying the preferential feed types and obtaining the correlation between feed nutrient contents and quality of velvet antlers produced in Ujung Kulon National Park. (3) Identifying the determinant factors of Timor deer that can produce high quality products of velvet antlers. (4) Formulating management strategies in exploiting the velvet antler of Timor deer as the main product of deer in the wild and captivity area. The first phase of the study was conducted at Ujung Kulon National Park (Peucang and Handeuleum Islands). The research on the island was divided into two sessions i.e. in the first session, observations on the distribution patterns, vegetation composition and habitat preferences of deer in Peucang Island were carried out. Inventory of deer used the method of concentration count census was conducted from afternoon to evening, and the distribution pattern used the chi-square test. The variables of the characteristics of habitat preferences include latitude, slope, temperature, humidity, soil pH, soil salinity, and distances from shore, from the pasture, from the pool and from the patrol path. The geographical position of deer was uploaded in the database file (*. dbf) to ArcGIS 9.3. The determinant factors of the presence of deer were analyzed using a stepwise multiple regression with the IBM SPSS statistics 20. In the second session of observations, the feed preferences of male deer were observed by pair method and feed samples of the plants most frequently consumed were taken for proximate analysis and their nutritional content analysis. Sample collection was carried out by giving the deer total anesthesia using a combination of Xylazine hydrochloride of 0.01 ml/kg body weight and ketamine of 0.05 ml/kg body weight. The collection of the velvet antlers was conducted when they were at the age of 55, 60 and 65 days. The second phase of the study was conducted in captivity to obtain a picture of the level of feed preferences and feed intake in relation to the products and quality of velvet antlers. The experiment used 5 male deer at their velvet antler phases of 3, 6, and 9 years old. The feed presentation technique was with cafeteria, feed preferences were assessed by scores, data collection including Fresh Material Consumption (FMC) and Dry Material Consumption (DMC), nutrients, macro and micro minerals of the feed were carried out. The collection of velvet antlers was conducted giving the deer local anesthesia using Lignocain HCL of 2% with a dose of each pedicle as much as 4 ml injected in three parts. Morphometry data of the deer and their velvet antler include body weight, body length, body height, girth size, weight, length, and diameter of the velvet antlers. The chemical analysis of velvet antler includes macro and micro minerals and amino acids. The statistical analysis was carried out by ANOVA, differential test with LSD and Duncan used IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. The results showed that (1) Distribution of Timor deer in Ujung Kulon National Park was clustered. Preferential habitat of stag at velvet antler phase is the area that has a humidity 50-80%, with 0-40 m altitude, distance from the patrol paths 0-100 m, distance from the pasture 0-1000 m and > 2000 m and temperature 280C - 310C with a regression equation of Y (the presence of deer) = - 0611 + 1.743 X (humidity) - 1.402 X(altitude) - 0.317 X (distance from the patrol path) + 0.170 X (distance from the pasture) + 1,563 X (temperature) and diterminan coefficient R2 = 80.4%, p < 0.05. (2) Deer in natural habitat Peucang Island and Handeuleum at Ujung Kulon National Park like grasses Cynodon dactylon, Axonopus compressus, and leaf of tree Terminalia catapa, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Dendrolobium umbellatum, and Lagerstroemia speciosa. There was a high correlation between mineral P in the feed with the antler P (r = 0.708), whereas Ca in the feed with the antler has a low correlation (r = 0434). There is a significant different between the preferential feed amino acids velvet antler deer harvested at different times. Deer in captivity prefered Pennisetum purpureum, Commelina benghalensis, Hierochloe horsfieldii, Sorghum caudatum, and Coix lacryma. Mineral in captivity were not significantly different from minerals of velvet antler harvested (p > 0.05). (3) Determinant factors of products and quality of velvet antler included age of deer, harvesting time of velvet antler, and girth size (4) Management strategies exploiting of velvet antler of Timor deer in a natural habitat and in captivity was done by removal the velvet antler at 60 days and age of stag > 3 years.en
dc.language.isoid
dc.publisherIPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
dc.titleFaktor-faktor penentu produk ranggah muda Rusa timorensis (de Blainville 1822) di habitat alami dan penangkaranid
dc.titleDeterminant factors of the products of velvet antlers of rusa timorensis (De Blainville 1822) in natural habitat and captivityen
dc.subject.keywordRusa timorensisen
dc.subject.keywordvelvet antleren
dc.subject.keyworddeterminant factorsen


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