Spesies diversity and habitat characteristic of Anopheles in Datar Luas Village, Krueng Sabee, Aceh Jaya, Aceh Province

Abstract

Datar Luas village was one of villages in Krueng Sabee subdistrict at Aceh Jaya Regency known as malaria endemic area. This village has API (Annual Parasite Incidence) value on 2010- 2011 were 127,1% and 2.27%. The aims of this research are to study the diversity, density and behaviour of Anopheles as malaria vector, mapping its larvae habitat, and to measure the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the community at Datar Luas Village. This research was conducted from October 2012 to January 2013. Mosquitoes trapping was done by human landing and resting collection technique inside and outside the house from 06.00 p.m to 06.00 a.m WIB. In addition, larvae were collected and the coordinates of potential larva habitats were marked. Characteristic of habitats potential breeding, observed covering of habitats this water temperature, salinity water, pH water, water turbidity, water flow, broad habitats, the depth of habitats, basic of habitats, aquatic plant, predatory larvae and select the coordinate point for mapping a kind of habitats of an Anopheles larvae spp with by using a Garmin GPS 60. Furthermore, it was also conducted a survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices of the community by using questionnaire. There were thirteen spesies of Anopheles, which were An. kochi, An. barbirostris, An. minimus, An. maculatus, An. letifer, An. teselatus, An. sinensis, An. vagus, An. separatus, An. sundaicus, An. subpictus, and 2 spesies (An. aconitus and An. barumbrosus) were found in their larvae habitat. An. kochi was found biting outdoor (eksofagik) as well as having resting behavior outdoor (eksofilik). This mosquito species was 45,9% as the highest relative abundance. An. kochi that often come into contact with people with a total man hour density (MHD) 0,22 (mosquito/people/hours). The highest blood feed activity of An. kochi happened on 00.00-01.00 a.m WIB. A habitat of potential of an Anopheles larvae spp was found total of 22 habitats are comprised of six types that was in the pond, rain puddle, marshes, moats, old well, and former tire tread. Anopheles larvae were found on four types of habitat comprised which An. letifer was found in pond with a density of 0.10 larvae/dipper, An. barumbrosus and An. kochi were in rain puddles with a density of 0.20 larvae/dipper, An. kochi, An. aconitus, An. vagus were in the marshes with a density of 0.20 larvae/dipper, and An. separatus was in old well with a density of 0.10 larvae/dipper. Distribution of the population employment in the rural of Datar Luas village was dominated by 81,2% gold miners, followed by 12,5% freelancers, and small portion (3,1%) as official goverment. People which work in dominance as gold miners have activities outdoor in the middle of the night increases the risk of exposure to malaria.